Keith Bridwell, MD's portrait
Keith Bridwell, MD
J. Albert Key Distinguished Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO

About Keith Bridwell, MD

Dr. Keith Bridwell is the J. Albert Key Distinguished Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and is Professor of Neurological Surgery at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO. In addition, Dr. Bridwell is:

  • Founder and Co-Director, Pediatric/Adult Spinal Deformity Service
  • Founder and Co-Director, Washington University/Barnes Jewish Hospital Spine Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis
  • Principal Investigator, NIH/RO1 Multicenter Study of Quality of Life in Adult Scoliosis

Dr. Bridwell is among the “Top 28 Spine Surgeons in North America." He has hospital appointments at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, and Shriners Hospitals for Children’s St. Louis Unit. Dr. Bridwell is board certified by the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

While his clinical practice includes all aspects of spinal surgery, both pediatric and adult, his emphasis has been spinal deformity—in particular, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis with superimposed degenerative changes, fixed sagittal and coronal imbalance syndromes, and high-grade spondylolisthesis.

Dr. Bridwell received his medical degree at the Washington University Medical School in St. Louis. He completed a general surgery internship and orthopaedic residency at Barnes Jewish Hospital and affiliated hospitals. Thereafter, he advanced his training and experience by completing three Spine/Scoliosis Research Fellowship programs: (1) Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Hospital, (2) University of Illinois Hospital, and (3) Shriners Hospital all located in Chicago, IL.

Dr. Bridwell is an active member of many prestigious spine organizations, including the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, North American Spine Society, Scoliosis Association, Scoliosis Research Society, and The American Orthopaedic Association. The Scoliosis Research Society is the leading international society for the study of spinal deformity and the oldest orthopaedic specialty society in North America.

Active in spine-related research and a prolific author, Dr. Bridwell has published/or in publication 315 peer-reviewed manuscripts, 40 journal articles, 77 book chapters, made 182 scientific exhibits at national meetings. He has made 569 societal presentations at national meetings, published 207 abstracts, and many audio-visual publications. Furthermore, he has fulfilled 213 invited professorships and lectureships, and initiated and/or served as the program chair of 45 spine organization meetings.

Publications

Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

  1. Manske PR, Bridwell KH, Lesker PA. Nutrient pathways to flexor tendons of chickens using tritiated proline. J Hand Surg 1978;3:352-357
  2. Manske PR, Bridwell KH, Whiteside LA, Lesker PA. Nutrition of flexor tendons in monkeys. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1978;136:294-298
  3. Manske PR, Lesker PA, Bridwell KH. Experimental studies in chickens on the initial nutrition of tendon grafts. J Hand Surg 1979;4:565-575
  4. DeWald RL, Bridwell KH, Prodromas C, Rodts MF. Reconstructive spinal surgery as palliation for metastatic malignancies of the spine. Spine 1985;10(1):21-26
  5. Bridwell KH. Treatment of a markedly displaced hangman’s fracture with a Luque rectangle and a posterior fusion in a 71-year-old man. Case report. Spine 1986;11(1):49-52
  6. Stone JW, Bridwell KH, Shackelford GD, Abramson CL. Dural ectasia as a cause for spontaneous spine dislocation in neurofibromatosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1987;69-A(7):1079-1083
  7. Bridwell KH, Jenny AJ, Saul TS, Rich KM, Grubb RL. Posterior segmental spinal instrumentation (PSSI) with posterolateral decompression and debulking for metastatic thoracic and lumbar spine disease: limitations of the technique. Spine 1988;13(12):1383-1394
  8. Owen JH, Laschinger J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S, Nielsen C, Dunlap J, Kain C. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Spine 1988;13(10):1111-1118
  9. Owen JH, Jenny AB, Naito M, Weber K, Bridwell KH, McGhee R. Effects of spinal cord lesioning on somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials. Spine 1989;14(7):673-682
  10. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH. Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Spine 1989;14(7):717-721
  11. Rames R, Schoenecker PL, Bridwell KH. Chylothorax after posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion.  Clin Orthop 1990;261:229-232
  12. Bridwell KH, Campbell JW, Barenkamp SJ. Surgical treatment of hematogenous vertebral aspergillus osteomyelitis. Spine 1990;15(4):281-285
  13. Luke D, Bridwell KH. ‘Silent’ spinal dislocation in a Charcot spine occurring post-laminectomy.  Case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord 1990;3(1):87-92
  14. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli AM, Huss G, Harvey C. Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine 1990;15(7):644-649 and 15(9):921-926 (same article published in two different issues)
  15. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity, and clinical status in animals. Spine 1990;15(9):852-857
  16. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root. Spine 1990; 15(9):966-968
  17. Slawski DP, Bridwell KH, Manley CB.  Acute renal obstruction after combined anterior and posterior arthrodeses on the convex side of the spine. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg 1990;72-A(8):1259-1261
  18. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and postoperative neurologic deficits in animals. Spine 1990;15(7):618-622 (Article Nos. 18 and 19 are very similar, but not absolutely identical)
  19. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and postoperative neurologic deficits in animals. Spine 1990;15(9):846-851 (Article Nos. 18 and 19 are very similar, but not absolutely identical)
  20. Bridwell KH, McAllister JW, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL. Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset “derotation” maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Spine 1991;16(7):769-777
  21. Owen JH, Padberg AM, Spahr-Holland L, Bridwell KH, Keppler L, Steffee AD. Clinical correlation between degenerative spine disease and dermatomal somatosensory-evoked potentials in humans. Spine 1991;16(6S):S201-205
  22. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Grubb R, Jenny A, Allen B, Padberg AM, Shimon SM. The clinical application of neurogenic motor evoked potentials to monitor spinal cord function during surgery. Spine 1991;16(8S):S385-390
  23. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke KM.  Analysis of pulmonary function and axis rotation in adolescent and young adult idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.  J Spinal Disord 1992;5(1):16-25
  24. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1992;74-A(7):1056-1067
  25. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of in situ posterior fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. J Spinal Disord 1992;5(4):433-442
  26. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Preventing decompensation in King type II curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Strict guidelines for selective thoracic fusion. Spine 1992;17(8S):S274-281
  27. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Sugioka Y. Effects of distraction on physiologic integrity of the spinal cord, spinal cord blood flow, and clinical status. Spine 1992;17(10):1154-1158
  28. Feldman MD, Bridwell KH, Sheridan JJ.  Hyndman-Schneider procedure for paraplegia caused by a sharp, angular scoliosis:  A case report and a review of the literature. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(1):76-82
  29. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke KM, Schoenecker PL. Ability of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation to preserve distal lumbar motion segments in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(4):339-350
  30. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Innervation pattern of dorsal roots and their effects on the specificity of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials. Spine 1993;18(6):748-754
  31. Kai Y, Owen JH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM, Sugioka Y. Use of sciatic neurogenic motor evoked potentials versus spinal potentials to predict early-onset neurologic deficits when intervention is still possible during overdistraction. Spine 1993;18(9):1134-1139
  32. Bridwell KH, Sedgewick TA, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C. The role of fusion and instrumentation in the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(6):461-472
  33. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Jaffe AS. Increase in creatine kinase MB isoenzyme levels after spinal surgery. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(1):70-76
  34. Adams JE III, Sicard GA, Allen BT, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Davila-Roman VG, Bodor GS, Ladenson JH, Jaffe AS. Diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction with measurement of cardiac troponin I. N Engl J Med 1994;330(10):670-674
  35. Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The basics and the controversies.  (Spine Update) Spine 1994;19(9):1095-1100
  36. O’Brien MF, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Schoenecker PL. Intracanalicular osteochondroma producing spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostoses. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(3):236-241
  37. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Padberg AM, Stokes M.  Evoked potential monitoring of the upper extremities during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery: A prospective study. J Spinal Disord 1994;7(4):277-284
  38. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine 1994;19(14):1589-1597
  39. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Baldus C. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves ³70°. Spine 1994;19(14):1606-1610
  40. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Lou J, Bridwell KH, Joyce MF. Astrocyte response and transforming growth factor-beta localization in acute spinal cord injury. Spine 1994;19(20):2321-2329
  41. Bridwell KH, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Posterior spinal fusion supplemented with only allograft bone in paralytic scoliosis: Does it work? Spine 1994;19(23):2658-2666
  42. Konrad P, Owen JH, Bridwell KH. Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: Significance of coil position and the presence of bone. Spine 1994;19(24): 2812-2818
  43. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes after thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1995;20(12):1343-1350
  44. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, McEnery KW. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers. Spine 1995;20(12):1351-1358
  45. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Baldus C. Prospective analysis of nutritional status normalization after spinal reconstructive surgery. Spine 1995;20(12):1359-1367
  46. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, McEnery KW, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine: Do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult patients with kyphosis or anterior column defects? Spine 1995;20(12):1410-1418
  47. Lenke LG, Padberg AM, Russo MH, Bridwell KH, Gelb DE. Triggered electromyographic stimulation threshold for accuracy of pedicle screw placement:  An animal model and clinical correlation. Spine 1995;20(14):1585-1591
  48. Bridwell KH. Where to stop the fusion distally in adult scoliosis -- L4, L5, or the sacrum?  In: Pritchard DJ (ed.), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Instructional Course Lectures, Vol. 45, Rosemont, IL, February, 1996, pp 101-107
  49. Bridwell KH.  Load sharing principles:  The role and use of anterior structural support in adult deformity.  In:  Pritchard DJ (ed.), American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Instructional Course Lectures, Vol. 45, Rosemont, IL, February 1996, pp 109-115
  50. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke KM, Baldus C. The use of pedicle screw fixation to improve correction in the lumbar spine of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.  Is it warranted?  Spine 1996; 21(10):1241-1249
  51. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Komanetsky RM.  Validity and reliability of spinal cord monitoring in neuromuscular spinal deformity surgery. J Spinal Disord 1996;9(2):150-158
  52. Bridwell KH.  Spinal instrumentation in the management of adolescent scoliosis. In: Balderston RA (ed.), Spinal Instrumentation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;335:64-72
  53. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke KM.  Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient. Assessing the risk for crankshaft. Is an open triradiate cartilage the answer? Spine 1997;22(12):1343-1351
  54. Vedantam RW, Lenke LG, Keeney JA, Bridwell KH. Comparison of standing sagittal spinal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents and adults. Spine 1998;23(2):211-215
  55. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients: Incidence and etiology at one institution. Spine 1998;23(3):324-331
  56. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: Is a screening MRI necessary?  Spine 1998;23(2):206-210
  57. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Baldus C, Weston J. Radiographic results of arthrodesis with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A five to ten-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg 1998;80A(6):807-814
  58. Komanetsky RM, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials: A prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. J Spinal Disord 1998;11(1):21-28
  59. Marsicano J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Gupta P, Weston J. The lordotic effect of the OSI frame on operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Spine 1998;23(12):1341-1348
  60. Padberg AM, Wilson-Holden TJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential monitoring without a wake-up test during idiopathic scoliosis surgery: An accepted standard of care. Spine 1998;23(12):1392-1400
  61. Bridwell KH. Normalization of the coronal and sagittal profile in idiopathic scoliosis: Options of treatment. J Orthopaedic Science (The Japanese Orthopaedic Association) 1998;3:125-34
  62. Brown C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Geideman WM, Hasan SA, Blanke K. Complications of pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws. Spine 1998;23(14):1566-1571
  63. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability in the classification of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 1998;80-A(8):1097-1106
  64. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam RW, Leicht P. Complications in the adult spinal deformity patient having combined surgery: Does revision increase the risk? Spine 1999;24(4):355-363
  65. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spine 1999;24(10):967-972
  66. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG. Spontaneous lumbar curve coronal correction after selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1999; 24(16):1663-1671
  67. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM. Maintaining lumbar lordosis with anterior single solid-rod instrumentation in thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1999;24(16):1655-1662
  68. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Iffrig TM, Lenke LG, Blanke KM. Process measures and patient/parent evaluation of surgical management of spinal deformities in patients with progressive flaccid neuromuscular (Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy). Spine 1999;24(13):1300-1309
  69. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus CR, Lenke LG. Minimum 5-year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. Spine 1999;24(16):1721-1727
  70. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD. Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: A comparison of three surgical approaches.  Spine 1999;24(16):1701-1711
  71. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Larson BJ, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for pediatric patients with spinal cord pathology undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Spine 1999; 24(16):1685-1692
  72. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus CR, Blanke KM. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Spine 1999;24(16):1712-1720
  73. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Linville DA. Comparison of push-prone and lateral-bending radiographs for predicting postoperative coronal alignment in thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliotic curves. Spine 2000:25(1): 76-81
  74. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Haas J, Linville DA. A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach used for spinal arthrodesis. Spine 2000;25(1):82-90
  75. Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. Spine (Focus Issue) 1999;24(24):2607-2616
  76. Padberg AM, Bridwell KH. Spinal cord monitoring: Current state-of-the-art. In: Stanitski DF (ed.): Disorders of the Pediatric Spine, Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30(3):407-433
  77. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Riew KD. Analysis of titanium mesh cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up. Spine 2000;25(18):2407-2415
  78. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Linville DA, Blanke K. The effect of variation in arm position on sagittal spinal alignment. Spine 2000;25(17):2204-2209
  79. Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Gupta P, Riew D. Prospective functional evaluation of the surgical treatment of neurogenic claudication in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(4):276-282
  80. Eck KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Gilula LA, Lashgari CJ, Riew KD. Radiographic assessment of anterior titanium mesh cages. J Spinal Disord 2000;13(6):501-509
  81. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS. Parents and patients preferences and concerns in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: A cross-sectional preoperative analysis.  Spine 2000;25(18): 2392-2399
  82. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lauryssen C, Goette K. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. J Bone Joint Surg 2000;82-A(11):1589-93
  83. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Parkinson JD, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Bassett GS. A prospective comparison of neurogenic mixed evoked potential stimulation methods: Utility of epidural elicitation during posterior spinal surgery. Spine 2000;25(18):2364-2371
  84. Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Kong Y, Blanke K. Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2000; 25(18):2319-2325
  85. Sponseller PD, LaPorte DM, Hungerford MW, Eck K, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Deep wound infections after neuromuscular scoliosis surgery: A multicenter study of risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine 2000; 25(19):2461-2466
  86. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Blanke K. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  A new classification to guide extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg 2001:83-A(8):1169-1181
  87. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lewis SJ. Treatment of spinal stenosis and fixed sagittal imbalance. In: Hansraj KK, O’Leary PF (eds.): New Developments in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (Symposium). Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; 384:35-44
  88. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS, Whorton J. Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(5):E74-E79
  89. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM, Iffrig TM. Prospective randomization of parenteral hyperalimentation for long fusions with spinal deformity: Its effect on complications and recovery from postoperative malnutrition. Spine 2001;26(7):809-817
  90. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Linville DA, Eck KR, Ungacta FF. Long-term complications in adult spinal deformity patients having combined surgery: a comparison of primary to revision patients.  Spine 2001;26(8):973-983
  91. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Complications and results of long adult deformity fusions down to L4, L5 and the sacrum. Spine 2001;26(9):E182-E192
  92. Lenke LG, Engsberg JE, Ross SA, Reitenbach A, Blanke K, Bridwell KH. Prospective dynamic functional evaluation of gait and spinal balance following spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001; 26(14):E330-E337
  93. Engsberg JR, Bridwell KH, Reitenbach AK, Uhrich ML, Baldus C, Blanke K, Lenke LG. Preoperative gait comparisons between adults undergoing long spinal deformity fusion surgery (thoracic to L4, L5, or sacrum) and controls. Spine 2001;26(18):2020-2028
  94. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Baldus C, Blanke K, Iffrig TM, Lenke LG. Minimum 2-year analysis of sacropelvic fixation and L5-S1 fusion using S1 and iliac screws. Spine 2001;26(18):1976-1983
  95. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Whorton J. Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications of single solid rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(18):1956-1965
  96. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM. Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction after isolated fusion of the main thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2001;26(18)1966-1975
  97. Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lewis SJ, Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Baldus C. String test measurement to assess the effect of spinal deformity correction on spinal canal length. Spine 2001;26(18):2013-2019
  98. Zigler JE, Anderson PA, Bridwell K, Vaccaro A. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg 2001;83-A(8):1285-1292
  99. Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Raynor BL, Long J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Padberg AM. Triggered electromyographic threshold for accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement in a porcine model. Spine 2001;26(22):2485-2489
  100. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Haher T, Merola A, Newton P, Lowe T, Clements D, Bridwell KH. Curve prevalence of a new classification of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Does classification correlate with treatment. Spine 2002;27:604-611
  101. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Mesh cages in idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;394:98-108
  102. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Riew KD. Mesh cages for spinal deformity in adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002;394:92-97
  103. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Anterior column support in surgery for high-grade, isthmic spondylolisthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002:394:109-120
  104. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Reitenbach AK, Hollander KW, Bridwell KH, Blanke K. Prospective evaluation of trunk range of motion in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Spine 2002; 27(12):1346-1354
  105. Zigler JE, Boden S, Anderson PA, Bridwell K, Vaccaro A. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(7):1282-1288
  106. Yukawa Y, Lenke LG, Tenhula J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Blanke K. A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(11):1954-1959
  107. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Szymanski DA, Morcuende JA, Weinstein SL, Bridwell KH, Sponseller PD. Prevalence of neural axia abnormalities in patients with infantile idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(2): 2230-2234
  108. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhee JM. Correlation of pelvic incidence with low and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine, Scoliosis Research Society Specialty Issue 2002;27(18):2026-2029
  109. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Rhee RM, Lenke LG. Dowel fibular strut grafts for high-grade dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine 2002;27(18):1982-1988
  110. Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Rhee JM, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Correction of thoracic idiopathic adolescent scoliosis with segmental hooks, rods, Wisconsin wires posteriorly: It’s bad and obsolete, correct? Spine 2002;27(18):2059-2066
  111. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke K, Bridwell KH. Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2002;27(18):2013-2020
  112. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Kim Y, Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Padberg AM. Can triggered electromyograph thresholds predict safe thoracic pedicle screw placement? Spine 2002;27(18):2030-2035
  113. Lenke LG, White DK, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR. Evaluation of ventilatory efficiency during exercise in idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing spinal fusion. Spine 2002;27(18):2041-2045
  114. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Won DS, Lenke LG, Chotigavanichaya C, Hanson DS. Sagittal plane analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the effect of anterior versus posterior instrumentation. Spine 2002;27(21):2350-2356
  115. Cunningham BW, Lewis SJ, Long J, Dmitriev AE, Linville DA, Bridwell KH. Biomechanical evaluation of lumbosacral reconstruction techniques for spondylolisthesis: an in-vitro porcine model. Spine 2002;27:2321-2327
  116. Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. J Bone Joint Surg Am (SRS Hibbs Award nominee) 2003;85(3):454-463
  117. Engsberg JR, Bridwell KH, Wagner JM, Uhrich ML, Blanke K, Lenke LG. Gait changes as the result of deformity reconstruction surgery in a group of adults with lumbar scoliosis. Spine 2003;28(16):1836-1843
  118. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Uhrich ML, Ross SA, Bridwell KH. Prospective comparison of gait and trunk range of motion in adolescents with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis undergoing anterior or posterior spinal fusion. Spine 2003;28(17):1993-2000
  119. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K, Berra A. Staged posterior surgery for severe adult deformity. Spine 2003;28(18):2116-2121
  120. Bridwell KH, Lewis S, Edwards C, Lenke LG, Iffrig TM, Berra A, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and outcomes of pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance. Spine 2003;28(18):2093-2101
  121. Edwards CC 2nd, Bridwell KH, Patel A, Rinella AS, Jung Kim Y, Berra AB, Della Rocca GJ, Lenke LG.  Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adults: the fate of the L5-S1 disc. Spine 2003;28(18):2122-2131
  122. Bridwell KH. Introduction for Scoliosis Research Society Focus Issue on Motion Preservation. Spine 2003;28 (20S):S101-102
  123. McAfee PC, Polly Jr. DW, Cunningham B, Gaines B, Hallab N, Lubicky J, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Clinical summary statement. Spine 2003;28(20S):S196-S198
  124. Lenke LG, Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH. The Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: how it organizes curve patterns as a template to perform selective fusions of the spine. Spine 2003;8(20S):S199-S207
  125. Bridwell KH, Edwards II, CC, Lenke LG. The pros and cons to saving the L5-S1 motion segment in a long scoliosis fusion construct. Spine 2003;28(20S):S234-S242
  126. Lenke LG, Anderson G, Bridwell KH, Gaines R, Lubicky J, McAfee L, Polly D, Weinstein J.  Summary statement:  Fusion technologies. Spine 2003;28(20S):S243-S244
  127. Cole JW, Murray DJ, Snider RJ, Bassett GS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Aprotinin reduces blood loss during spinal surgery in children. Spine 2003;28(21):2482-2485
  128. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Walton T, Peelle M, Steger-May K, Bridwell KH. Can we predict the ultimate lumbar curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing a selective fusion with undercorrection of the thoracic curve? Spine 2004;29(3):277-285
  129. Rinella A, Lenke L, Peelle M, Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Sides B. Comparison of SRS questionnaire results submitted by both parents and patients in the operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2004;29(3): 303-310
  130. Rinella A, Bridwell K, Kim Y, Rudzki J, Edwards C, Roh M, Lenke L. Late complications of adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions to L4 and above: the effect of age and distal fusion level. Spine 2004;29(3):318-325
  131. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho YS, Bridwell KH, Riew KD. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: Is it safe? Spine 2004;29(3):333-342
  132. Edwards CC, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Sides B, Rinella A, Bridwell KH. Selective thoracic fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with C modifier lumbar curves: 2- to 16-year radiographic and clinical results. Spine 2004; 29(5):536-546
  133. Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH, Patel A, Rinella A, Berra A, Lenke LG. Long adult deformity fusions to L5 and the sacrum: a matched cohort analysis. Spine 2004;29(18):1996-2005
  134. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Blanke K. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2004;29(18):2040-2048
  135. Lenke LG, Newton PO, Marks MC, Blanke KM, Sides B, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH. Prospective pulmonary function comparison of open versus endoscopic anterior fusion combined with posterior fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2004;29(18):2055-2060
  136. Bridwell K (ed.), Anderson PA, Boden S, Vaccaro A, Zigler JE. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86(7):1587-1596
  137. Orchowski JR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Neurological deficit from a purely vascular etiology after unilateral vessel ligation during anterior thoracolumbar fusion of the spine. Spine 2005;30(4):406-410
  138. Satake K, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Sides B, Steger-May K. Analysis of the lowest instrumented vertebra following anterior spinal fusion of thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: can we predict postoperative disc wedging? Spine 2005;30(4):418-426
  139. Horton WC, Brown CW, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Suk S, Cha CW.  Is there an optimal patient stance for obtaining a lateral 36” radiograph?  A critical comparison of three techniques. Spine 2005;30(4):427-433
  140. Bridwell KH, Cats-Baril W, Harrast J, Berven S, Glassman S, Farcy J, Horton WC, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Radake T. The validity of the SRS-22 instrument in an adult spinal deformity population compared with the Oswestry and SF-12:  a study of response distribution, concurrent validity, internal consistency and reliability. Spine 2005;30(4):455-461
  141. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rinella AS, Edwards C II. Pseudarthrosis in primary fusions for adult idiopathic scoliosis: incidence, risk factors, and outcome analysis. Spine 2005;30(4):468-474
  142. Rinella AS, Lenke LG, Whitaker C, Kim Y, Park S, Peelle M, Bridwell KH. Perioperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphosis. Spine 2005;30(4):475-482
  143. Glassman SD, Berven S, Bridwell K, Horton W, Dimar JR. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis. Spine 2005;30(6):682-688
  144. Glattes RC, Lenke LG, Rinella A, Edwards II C, Bridwell KH. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion: incidence, outcomes and risk factors analysis. Spine 2005;30(14):1643-1649
  145. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim KL, Steger-May K. Pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(7):1534-1541
  146. Bridwell KH. Utlization of iliac screws and structural interbody grafting for revision spondylolisthesis surgery. Spine 2005;30(6S):S88-S96
  147. Luhmann SJ, Bridwell KH, Cheng I, Imamura T, Lenke LG, Schootman M. Use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for adult spinal deformity. Spine 2005;30(17S):S110-S117
  148. Bridwell K (ed.), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(8):1892-1901
  149. Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, Horton W, Berven S, Schwab F. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine 2005;30(18):2024-2029
  150. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Schootman M. Thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves between 70 degrees and 100 degrees: Is anterior release necessary? Spine 2005;30(18):2061-2067
  151. Cho K, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Berra A, Baldus C. Comparison of Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance. Spine 2005;30(18):2030-2037
  152. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim J, Cho SK. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5 year follow up.  Spine 2005;30(18):2045-2050
  153. Cheng I, Kim Y, Gupta MC, Bridwell KH, Hurford RK, Lee SS, Theerajunyaporn T, Lenke LG. Apical sublaminar wires versus pedicle screws – which provides better results for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Spine 2005;30(18):2104-2112
  154. Thuet ED, Padberg AM, Raynor BL, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Taylor BA, Lenke LG. Increased risk of postoperative neurologic deficit for spinal surgery patients with unobtainable intraoperative evoked potential data. Spine 2005;30(18):2094-2103
  155. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation (STD) following adult lumbar spinal instrumention and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, incidence, and risk factors analysis. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):10
  156. Braun JT, Bridwell KH, Dimar JR, Dobbs MB, Glassman SD, Hedequist DJ, Hresko MT, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, McCarthy RE. Reliability analysis of end, neutral, stable, and lowest instrumented vertebrae selection in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: surgeon versus digital software determination. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):24
  157. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Kim J, Bridwell KH, Cho SK, Cheh G, Sides B. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hybrid instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2006;31(3): 291-298
  158. Tsuchiya K, Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Minimum 5-year analysis of L5-S1 fusion using sacropelvic fixation (bilateral S1 and iliac screws) for spinal deformity. Spine 2006;31(3):303-308
  159. Glassman SD, Berven S, Kostuik J, Dimar JR, Horton HC, Bridwell K. Nonsurgical resource utilization in adult spinal deformity. Spine 2006;31(8):941-947
  160. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cho K, Edwards II CC, Rinella AS. Pseudarthrosis in adult spinal deformity following multisegmental instrumentation and arthrodesis. J Bone J Surg Am 2006;88(4):721-728
  161. Bridwell K (ed.), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(8):1897-1907
  162. Schwab F, Farcy J-P, Bridwell K, Berven S, Glassman S, Harrast J, Horton W. A clinical impact classification of scoliosis in the adult. Spine 2006;31(18):2109-2114
  163. Bridwell KH. Decision making regarding Smith-Petersen vs. pedicle subtraction osteotomy vs. vertebral column resection for spinal deformity. Spine 2006;31(19S):S171-S178
  164. Polly Jr. DW, Hamill CL, Bridwell KH. Debate: To Fuse or Not to Fuse to the Sacrum, the Fate of the L5-S1 Disc. Spine 2006;31(19S):S179-S184
  165. Lowe T, Berven SH, Schwab FJ, Bridwell KH. The SRS Classification for Adult Spinal Deformity: building on the King/Moe and Lenke Classification Systems. Spine 2006;31(19S):S119-S125
  166. Baron EM, Berven SH, Bridwell KH, DeWald CJ, Hu SS, Macagno A, Mardjetko SM, McAfee PC, Polly DW Jr., Roach J, Weidenbaum M, Andersson GBJ, Weinstein JN. Adult Spinal Deformity Focus Issue:  Summary Statement. Spine 2006;31(19S):S202
  167. Bridwell KH, Harner CD, Polly DW, Stern PJ. AOA symposium: subspecialty certification: are we fragmenting or improving orthopaedic surgery? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(9):2081-2090
  168. Peelle MW, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides B. Comparison of pelvic fixation techniques in neuromuscular spinal deformity correction: Galveston rod versus iliac and lumbosacral screws. Spine 2006;31(20):2392-2398
  169. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumenta-tion and fusion to the sacrum: prevalence and risk factor analysis of 144 cases. Spine 2006;31(20):2329-2336
  170. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Steger-May K, Hensley M. Wasting of preoperatively donated autologous blood in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2006;31(20):2375-2380
  171. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment following long adult lumbar instrumentation and fusion to L5 or S1: can we predict ideal lumbar lordosis? Spine 2006;31(20):2343-2352
  172. Takeshita K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Sides B, Hensley M. Analysis of patients with nonambulatory neuromuscular scoliosis surgically treated to the pelvis with intraoperative halo-femoral traction. Spine 2006; 31(20):2381-2385
  173. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Luhmann SJ, Bridwell KH. Anterior/posterior spinal instrumentation versus posterior instrumentation alone for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic curves more than 90 degrees. Spine 2006;31(20):2386-2391
  174. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kamath G, Peelle MW, Bridwell KH. Selective posterior thoracic fusions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison of hooks versus pedicle screws. Spine 2006;31(20):2400-2404
  175. Hurford Jr. RK, Lenke LG, Lee SS, Cheng I, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes of dual-rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison with single rod constructs. Spine 2006;31(20):2322-2328
  176. Riew KD, Park J, Cho Y, Gilula L, Patel A, Yin Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Taylor BA. Nerve root blocks in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain: a minimum five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(8): 1722-1725
  177. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation following long adult lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, prevalence, and risk factor analysis. Spine 2006; 31(20):2359-2366
  178. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Luis V, Bridwell KH. Sides B, Blanke K. Comparison of Scheuermann kyphosis correction by posterior-only thoracic pedicle screw fixation versus combined anterior/posterior fusion. Spine 2006;31(20):2316-2321
  179. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Madel S, Sides B. Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumentation for the treatment of spinal deformity. Spine 2007;32(5):555-561
  180. Glassman SD, Schwab FJ, Bridwell KH, Ondra SL, Berven S, Lenke LG. The selection of operative versus nonoperative treatment in patients with adult scoliosis. Spine 2007;32(1):93-97
  181. Whitlock EL, Bridwell KH, Gilula LA. Influence of needle tip position on injectate spread in 406 interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injections. Radiol 2007;243(3):804-811
  182. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007;89:1654-1663
  183. Andersson GBJ, Bridwell KH, Danielsson A, Dolan LA, Everett CR, Fisher CG, Mercado E, Mulpuri K, Richards BS, Rubery PT, Sponseller PD, Weinstein JN. Evidence-based medicine summary statement. Spine 2007;32(19S):S64-S65
  184. Bridwell KH, Berven S, Edwards, II Charles, Glassman S, Hamill C, Schwab F. The problems and limitations of applying evidence-based medicine to primary surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine 2007;32 (19S):S135-S139
  185. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Baldus C. Results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. Spine 2007;32(20):2189-2197
  186. Bridwell KH, Berven S, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton WC III, Schwab F, Baldus C, Shainline M. Is the SRS-22 instrument responsive to change in adult scoliosis patients having primary spinal deformity surgery? Spine 2007;32(20):2220-2225
  187. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity surgery: complications and outcomes in patients over age 60. Spine 2007;32(20):2238-2244
  188. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lehman Jr. RA, Kuhns CA, Kim YJ, Stewart D, Baldus C. Neurologic complications of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy: a ten-year assessment. Spine 2007;32(20): 2245-2252
  189. Cheh G, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Daubs MD, Kim Y, Baldus C. Adjacent segment disease following lumbar/thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation: a minimum 5 year follow-up. Spine 2007;32(20):2253-2257
  190. Kuklo TR, Potter BK, Lenke LG, Polly Jr. DW, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Surgical revision rates of hooks versus hybrid versus screws versus combined anterior/posterior spinal fusionf or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2007;32(20):2258-2264
  191. Okubadejo GO, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Fang D, Baldus CR, Nielsen CH, Lee CC. Aprotinin may decrease blood loss in complex adult spinal deformity surgery, but it may also increase the risk of acute renal failure. Spine 2007;32(20):2265-2271
  192. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Kim Y. Is the T9, T11, or L1 the more reliable proximal level following adult lumbar/lumbosacral instrumented fusion to L5 or S1? Spine 2007;32(24):2653-2661
  193. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Lehman Jr. RA, Kim YJ, Nunley R, Bridwell KH. The reliability of preoperative supine radiographs to predict the amount of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2007;32(24): 2668-2672
  194. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Taylor BA, Padberg AM. Correlation between low triggered electromyo-graphic thresholds and lumbar pedicle screw malposition: analysis if 4857 screws. Spine 2007;32(24):2673-2678
  195. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Whorton J, Sides B. Prospective pulmonary function comparison following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation and fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: is there a relationship between major thoracic curve correction and pulmonary function test improvement? Spine 2007; 32(24):2685-2693
  196. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasegawa K, Hirano T, Endo N, Cheh G, Kim YJ, Hensley M, Stobbs G, Koester L. Cross-cultural comparison of the Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument between American and Japanese idiopathic scoloisis patients: are there differences? Spine 2007;32(24):2711-2714
  197. Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, Polly DW, Bridwell KH, Diab M, Dormans JP, Drummond DS, Emans JB, Johnston CE II, Lenke LG, McCarthy RE, Newton PO, Richards BS, Sucato DJ and the Spinal Deformity Study Group. The spinal appearance questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2007;32(24):2719-2722
  198. Schwab F, Lafage V, Farcy J-P, Bridwell K, Glassman S, Ondra S, Lowe T, Shainline M. Surgical rates and operative outcome analysis in thoracolumbar and lumbar major adult scoliosis: application of the new adult deformity classification. Spine 2007;32(24);2723-2730
  199. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim J, Cho SK, Cheh G, Yoon J. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following 3 different types of posterior segmental spinal instrumentation and fusions:  incidence and risk factor analysis of 410 cases. Spine 2007;32(24):2731-2738
  200. Glassman SD, Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Schwab FJ, Dimar JR, Lowe TG. The impact of perioperative complications on clinical outcome in adult deformity surgery. Spine 2007;32(24):2764-2770
  201. Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Amor C, Lehman RA, Buchowski JM, Edwards C II, Baldus C. Thoraco-lumbar deformity arthrodesis stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc, minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine 2007; 32(24):2771-2776
  202. Olsen MA, Nepple JJ, Riew KD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Mayfield J, Fraser VJ. Risk factors for surgical site infection following orthopaedic spinal operations. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90(1):62-69
  203. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:1609-1619
  204. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Uhrich ML, Trout CM. Relationships between spinal landmarks and skin surface markers. J Applied Biomechanics 2008;24:94-97
  205. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B, Whorton J. Prospective pulmonary function comparison of anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: thoracotomy versus thoracoabdominal approach. Spine 2008;33(10):1055-1060
  206. Watanabe K, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Watanabe K, Kim Y, Kim YB, Hensley M, Stobbs G, Lenke LG. Comparison of radiographic outcomes for the treatment of scoliotic curves greater than 100 degrees: wires versus hooks versus screws. Spine 2008;33(10):1084-1092
  207. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim Y, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G. Surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: is anterior apical release and fusion necessary for the lumbar curve? Spine 2008;33(10):1125-1132
  208. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Kim YB, Watanabe K, Watanabe K. Free hand pedicle screw placement during revision spinal surgery: analysis of 552 screws. Spine 2008;33(10):1141-1148
  209. Lehman Jr. RA, Lenke LG, Keeler KA, Kim YJ, Buchowski JM, Cheh G, Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH. Operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with posterior pedicle screw-only constructs: minimum three-year follow-up of one hundred fourteen cases. Spine 2008;33(14):1598-1604
  210. Mulconrey DS, Bridwell KH, Flynn J, Cronen GA, Rose PS. Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) as a substitute for iliac crest bone graft in multilevel adult spinal deformity surgery: minimum 2-year evaluation of fusion. Spine 2008;33(20):2153-2159
  211. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Glattes CR, Rhim S, Cheh G. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine 2008;33(20):2179-2184
  212. Baldus C, Bridwell K, Harrast J, Edwards II C, Glassman S, Horton W, Lenke L, Lowe T, Mardjetko S, Ondra S, Schwab F, Shaffrey C. Age-gender matched comparison of SRS instrument scores between adult deformity and normal adults: are all SRS domains disease specific? Spine 2008;33(20):2214-2218
  213. Schwab FJ, Lafage V, Farcy J-P, Bridwell KH, Glassman S, Shainline MR. Predicting outcome and complications in the surgical treatment of adult scoliosis. Spine 2008;33(20):2243-2247
  214. Sponseller PD, Takenaga RK, Newton P, Boachie O, Flynn J, Letko L, Betz R, Bridwell K, Gupta M, Marks M, Bastrom T. The use of traction in the treatment of severe spinal deformity. Spine 2008;33(21):2305-2309
  215. Tosteson ANA, Lurie JD, Tosteson TD, Skinner JS, Herkowitz H, Albert T, Boden SD, Bridwell K, Longley M, Andersson GB, Blood EA, Grove MR, Winstein JN, for the SPORT investigators. Surgical treatment of spinal stenosis with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis: cost-effectiveness after 2 years. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:845-853
  216. Gurnett CA, Alaee F, Bowcock A, Kruse L, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kuklo T, Luhmann SJ, Dobbs MB. Genetic linkage localize an adolscent idiopathic scoliosis and pectus excavatum gene to the 18q chromosone. Spine 2009;34(2):E94-E100
  217. Cho KJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kamiya M, Sides B, Blanke KM. Selection of optimal distal fusion level in posterior instrumentation and fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis: the sagittal stable vertebra concept. Spine 2009;34(8):765-770
  218. Rose PS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cronen GA, Mulconrey DS, Kim YJ. Role of pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis, and patient factors on sagittal plane correction following pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Spine 2009; 34(8):785-791
  219. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim Y, Blanke KM, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. The morbidity of an anterior thoracolumbar approach: adult patients with greater than five-year follow-up. Spine 2009;34(8):822-826
  220. Rose PS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Mulconrey DS, Cronen GA, Buchowski JM, Schwend RM, Sides BA. Pedicle screw instrumentation for adult idiopathic scoliosis: an improvement over hook/hybrid fixation. Spine 2009;34(8):852-587
  221. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Good C. Epidural spinal cord compression with neurologic deficit associated with intrapedicular application of FloSeal during pedicle screw insertion. Spine 2009;34(13):E473-E477
  222. Glassman SD, Schwab F, Bridwell KH, Shaffrey C, Horton W, Hu S. Do 1-year outcomes predict 2-year outcomes for adult deformity surgery? The Spine J 2009;9(4):317-322
  223. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton W, Ondra S, Schwab F, Shainline M, Fu KG, Bridwell K. Improvement of back pain with operative and nonoperative treatment in adults with scoliosis. Neurosurgery 2009;65(1):86-94
  224. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton W, Ondra S, Schwab F, Fu KM, Bridwell K.  Operative versus conservative treatment of leg pain in adults with scoliosis: a retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database with two-year follow-up. Spine 2009;34(16):1693-1698
  225. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:1822-1834
  226. Geck MJ, Rinella A, Hawthorne D, Macagno A, Koester L, Sides B, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Shufflebarger H.  Comparison of surgical treatment in Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: anterior dural rod versus posterior pedicle fixation surgery. Spine 2009;34:1942-1951
  227. O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Good CR, Pichelmann MA, Buchowski JM, Kim YJ, Flynn J. Risk factors and outcomes for catastrophic failures at the top of long pedicle screw constructs (FPSC): a matched cohort analysis performed at a single center. Spine 2009;34(20):2134-2139
  228. Bridwell KH, Glassman S, Horton W, Shaffrey C, Schwab F, Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Hilton JF, Shainline M, Baldus C, Wootten D. Does treatment (nonoperative and operative) improve the two-year quality of life in patients with adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis: a prospective multicenter evidence-based medicine study. Spine 2009;34(20):2171-2178
  229. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Schootman M. Revision surgery after primary spine fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2009;34(20):2191-2197
  230. Maeda T, Buchowski JM, Kim YJ, Mishiro T, Bridwell KH. Long adult spinal deformity fusion to the sacrum using rhBMP-2 versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Spine 2009;34(20):2205-2212
  231. Lenke LG, O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Sides BA, Koester LA, Blanke KM. Posterior vertebral column resection for severe pediatric deformity: minimum two-year follow-up of thirty-five consecutive patients. Spine 2009; 34(20):2213-2221
  232. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Daubs MD, Watanabe K, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Is spine deformity surgery in patients with spastic cerebral palsy truly beneficial?  A patient/parent evaluation. Spine 2009; 34(20):2222-2232
  233. Harimaya K, Lenke LG, Mishiro T, Bridwell KH, Koester LA, Sides BA. Increasing lumbar lordosis of adult spinal deformity patients via intraoperative prone positioning. Spine 2009;34(22):2406-2412
  234. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Koester L, Hensley M. Proximal junctional vertebral fracture in adults after spinal defomritys ur gery using pedicle screw constructs: analysis of morphological features. Spine 2010;35(2):138-145
  235. Good CR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, O’Leary PT, Pichelmann MA, Keeler KA, Baldus CR, Koester LA. Can posterior-only surgery provide similar radiographic and clinical results as combined anterior (thoracotomy/ thoracoabdominal)/posterior approaches for adult scoliosis? Spine 2010;35(2):210-218
  236. Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Good CR, O’Leary PT, Sides BA. Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery: 667 consecutive patients followed up to 21 years post-operatively. Spine 2010;35(2):219-226
  237. Baldus CR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Okubadejo GO. Can we safely reduce blood loss during lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy procedures using tranexamic acid or aprotinin? A comparative study with controls. Spine 2010;35(2):235-239
  238. Pearson A, Blood E, Lurie J, Tosteson T, Abdu WA, Hillibrand A, Bridwell K, Weinstein J. Degenerative spondylolisthesis versus spinal stenosis: does a slip matter? Comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes (SPORT). Spine 2010;35(3):298-305
  239. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Shaffrey C, Polly DW, Ondra SL, Berven SH, Bridwell K. The cost and benefits of nonoperative management for adult scoliosis. Spine 2010;35(5):578-582
  240. Cunningham BW, Sefter JC, Hu N, Kim SW, Bridwell KH, McAfee PC. Biomechanical comparison of iliac screws versus interbody femoral ring allograft on lumbosacral kinematics and sacral screw strain. Spine 2010; 35(6):E198-E205
  241. Keeler KA, Lenke LG, Good CR, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Luhmann SJ. Spinal fusion for spastic neuromuscular scoliosis: is anterior releasing necessary when intraoperative halo-femoral traction is used? Spine 2010;35(10): E427-433
  242. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Management of posttraumatic kyphosis after thoracolumbar injuries. Seminars in Spine Surg 2010;22:92-102
  243. Chang MS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cho W, Baldus C, Auerbach JD, Crawford III CH, O’Shaughnessy BA. Predicting the outcome of selective thoracic fusion in false double major lumbar “C” cases with five- to twenty-four-year follow-up. Spine 2010;35(24):2128-2133
  244. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Hensley M, Koester L. Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction for treatment of severe scoliosis (≥100°). J Orthop Sci 2010;15:720-730
  245. Crawford III CH, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Buchowski JM, O’Shaughnessy BA, Chang MS, Auerbach JD. Extension of prior idiopathic scoliosis fusion to the sacrum: a matched cohort analysis of 65 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. Spine 2010;35(20):1843-1848
  246. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Berven S, Edwards II C, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton W, Lenke LG, Ondra S, Schwab F, Shaffrey C, Wootten D. Changes in radiographic and clinical outcomes with primary treatment adult spinal deformity surgeries from two years to three- to five-years follow-up. Spine 2010;35(20):1849-1854
  247. Thuet ED, Winscher JC, Padberg AM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Dobbs MB, Schootman M, Luhmann SJ. Validity and reliability of intraoperative monitoring in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a 23-year experience of 3436 surgical cases. Spine 2010;35(20):1880-1886
  248. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2017-2028
  249. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Berven SH, Schwab FJ, Hamill CL, Horton WC, Ondra SL, Sansur CA, Bridwell KH, the Spinal Deformity Study Group.  Risk-benefit assessment of surgery for adult scoliosis: an analysis based on patient age. Spine 2011;36(10):817-824
  250. Stoker GE, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. High-grade spondylolisthesis: surgical management in the pediatric and young adult patient. ArgoSpine News & Journal 2011;23(1):33-42
  251. Johnston CE, Richards BS, Sucato DJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Erickson M, Spinal Deformity Study Group. Correlation of preoperative deformity magnitude and pulmonary function tests in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2011;36(14):1096-1102
  252. Baldus C, Bridwell K, Harrast J, Shaffrey C, Ondra S, Lenke L, Schwab F, Mardjetko S, Glassman S, Edwards II C, Lowe T, Horton W, Polly Jr. D. The Scoliosis Research Society health-related quality of life (SRS-30) age-gender normative data: an analysis of 1346 adult subjects unaffected by scoliosis. Spine 2011;36(14):1154-1162
  253. Harimaya K, Lenke LG, Son-Hing JP, Bridwell KH, Schwend RM, Luhmann SJ, Koester LA, Sides BA. Safety and accuracy of pedicle screws and constructs placed in infantile and juvenile patients. Spine 2011;36(20):1645-1651
  254. Gitelman Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Auerbach JD, Sides BA. Pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical procedure: a 10-year follow-up analysis. Spine 2011;36(20):1665-1672
  255. Harimaya K, Mishiro T, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester LA, Sides BA. Etiology and revision surgical strategies in failed lumbosacral fixation of adult spinal deformity constructs. Spine 2011;36(20):1701-1710
  256. Tosteson ANA, Tosteson TD, Lurie JD, Abdu W, Herkowitz H, Andersson G, Albert T, Bridwell K, Zhao W, Grove MR, Weinstein MC, Weinstein JN. Comparative effectiveness evidence from the spine patient outcomes research trial: surgical vs. non-operative care for spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis and intervertebral disc herniation.  Spine 2011;36(24):2061-2068
  257. Sanders JO, Diab M, Richards SB, Lenke LG, Johnston CE, Emans JB, Sucato DJ, Erickson MA, Bridwell KH, McCarthy RE, Sarwark JF, Dormans JP for the Spinal Deformity Study Group. Fixation points within the main thoracic curve: does more instrumentation produce greater curve correction and improved results? Spine 2011; 36(21):E1402-E1406
  258. Cho SK, Stoker GE, Bridwell KH. Spinal reconstruction using pedicle screw-based instrumentation and rhBMP-2 in neurofibromatosis patients with severe dural ectasia and spinal deformity: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93:e86(1-8)
  259. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93(16):1560-1566
  260. Zebala LP, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Richards BS, Dormans JP, Lenke LG, Auerbach JD, Lovejoy J. Minimum 5-year radiographic results of long scoliosis fusion in juvenile spinal muscular atrophy patients: major curve progression after instrumented fusion. J Ped Ortho 2011;31(5):480-488
  261. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cho W, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Kang MM, Yi J-S, Baldus CR. Comparative analysis of clinical outcome and complications in primary vs. revision adult scoliosis surgery. Spine 2012;37(5): 393-401
  262. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Yi J-S, Pahys JM, Zebala LP, Kang MM, Cho W, Baldus CR. Major complications in revision adult deformity surgery: risk factors and clinical outcomes with two- to seven-year follow-up. Spine 2012;37(6):489-500
  263. O’Shaughnessy BA, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Baldus C, Chang MS, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH. Does a long fusion “T3-sacrum” portend a worse outcome than a short fusion “T10-sacrum” in primary adult scoliosis surgery? Spine 2012;37(10):884-890
  264. O’Shaughnessy BA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Zebala LP, Chang MS, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH, Koester LA. Should symptomatic iliac screws be electively removed in adult spinal deformity patients fused to the sacrum?  Spine 2012;37(13):1175-1181
  265. Auerbach JD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sehn JK, Milby AH, Bumpass D, Crawford III CH, O’Shaughnessy BA, Buchowski JM, Chang MS, Zebala LP, Sides BA. Major complications of 3-column osteotomies in 105 consecutive spinal deformity procedures. Spine 2012;37(14):1198-1210
  266. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Dorward IG, Shoda N, Baldus CR, Cho SK, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Koester LA. Comparison of spinal deformity surgery in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) vs. controls. Spine 2012;37(16):E978-E984
  267. Kasliwal MK, Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Schwab F, Lafage V, Fu K-MG, Bridwell KH. Does prior short-segment surgery for adult scoliosis impact perioperative complication rates and clinical outcome among patients undergoing scoliosis correction? J Neurosurg Spine 2012;17:128-133
  268. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Erickson MA, Bridwell KH, Richards III BS. Correction of moderate (<70 degree) Lenke 1A and 2A curve patterns: comparison of hybrid and all-pedicle screw systems at 2-year follow-up. J Ped Ortho 2012;32(3):253-258
  269. Crawford CH 3rd, Carreon LY, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD. Long fusions to the sacrum in elderly patients with spinal deformity. Eur Spine J 2012;21(11):2165-2169
  270. Blondel B, Schwab F, Ungar B, Smith J, Bridwell K, Glassman S, Shaffrey C, Farcy J-P, Lafage V. Impact of magnitude and percentage of global sagittal plane correction on health-related quality of life at 2 years follow-up. Neurosurg 2012;71(2)341-348
  271. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012;94(12):1140-1146
  272. Bogunovic L, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Luhmann S. Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function. Spine Deformity 2013; 1(1):33-39
  273. Geck MJ, Rinella A, Hawthorne D, Macagno A, Koester L, Sides B, Lenke L, Bridwell K, O'Brien M, Shufflebarger HL. Anterior dual rod versus posterior pedicle fixation surgery for the surgical treatment in Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a multicenter, matched case analysis of 42 patients. Spine Deformity 2013; 1(3):217-222
  274. Raynor BL, Bright JD, Lenke LG, Rahman RK, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Buchowski JM, Luhmann SJ, Padberg AM. Significant change or loss of intraoperative monitoring data: a 25-year experience in 12,375 spinal surgeries. Spine 2013;38(2):E101-E108
  275. Daubs MD,  Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Hung M. Cheh G, Koester LA. Does correction of preoperative coronal imbalance make a difference in outcomes of adult deformity patients? Spine 2013;38(6):476-483
  276. Stoker GE, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Zebala LP. Preoperative Vitamin D status in adults undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Spine 2013;38(6):507-515
  277. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Park MS, Ahmad A, Song K-S, Piyaskulkaew C, Hershman S, Fogelson J, Mesfin A. Proximal junctional kyphosis results in inferior SRS pain subscores in adult deformity patients. Spine 2013;38(11):896-901
  278. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, O’Leary PT, Stoker GE, Pahys JM, Kang MM, Sides BA, Koester LA.  Transforaminal versus anterior lumbar interbody fusion in long deformity constructs: a matched cohort analysis. Spine 2013;38(12):E755-E762
  279. Kim HJ, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Dickson DD, Koester L, Bridwell KH. RhBMP-2 is superior to iliac crest bone graft for long fusions to the sacrum in adult spinal deformity: 4-14 year follow-up. Spine 2013;38(14): 1209-1215
  280. Bakhsh WR, Mesfin A, Bridwell KH. Arachnoiditis ossificans after revision adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a 22-year follow-up and review. Spine 2013;38(18):E1166-E1170
  281. Kelly MP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Agarwal R, Godzik J, Koester L. Fate of the adult revision spinal deformity patient: a single institution experience. Spine 2013;38(19):E1196-E1200
  282. Mesfin A, Buchowski JM,  Zebala LP, Bakhsh WR, Aronson AB, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim HJ, Ahmad A, Bridwell KH. High dose rhBMP-2 in adults: major and minor complications in 502 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95:1546-1553
  283. Connolly AM, Kim HJ, Bridwell KH. Corticosteroids can reduce the severity of scoliosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Commentary on an article by David E. Lebel, MD, PhD, et al: “Glucocorticoid treatment for the prevention of scoliosis in children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: long-term follow-up”. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95(12):e86(1-2)
  284. Bridwell K (ed), Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro VR, Wang JC. What’s new in spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013;95(12):1144-1150
  285. Mesfin A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Jupitz JM, Akhtar U, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim HJ, Koester LA. Weight change and clinical outcomes following adult spinal deformity surgery in overweight and obese patients. Spine Deformity 2013;1(5):377-381
  286. Fuhrhop SK, Oto M, Miller F, Dabney KW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Keeler KA, Luhmann SJ. Surgical treatment of scoliosis in non-ambulatory spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy patients: a matched cohort comparison of unit rod technique and all-pedicle screw constructs. Spine Deformity 2013;1(5):389-394
  287. Rahman RK, Buchowski JM, Stephens B, Dorward IG, Koester LA, Bridwell KH. Comparison of TLIF with rhBMP-2 versus no TLIF and higher posterolateral rhBMP-2 dose at L5-S1 for long fusions to the sacrum with sacropelvic fixation in primary adult deformity patients. Spine 2013;38(26):2264-2271
  288. Payhs JM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho SK, Zebala LP, Kang MM, Cho W, Koester LA. Matched cohort analysis of posterior-only vertebral column resection versus combined anterior/posterior vertebrectomy for severe spinal deformity.  Spine Deformity 2013;1(6):439-446
  289. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Schwab F, Lafage V, Arlet V, Fu KM, Bridwell KH for the Spinal Deformity Study Group. Clinical and radiographic parameters that distinguish between the best and worst outcomes of scoliosis surgery for adults. Eur Spine J 2013;22(2):402-410
  290. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cho SK, Pahys JM, Zebala LP, Dorward IG, Cho W, Baldus C, Hill BW, Kang MM. Proximal junctional kyphosis in primary adult deformity surgery: evaluation of 20 degrees as a critical angle. Neurosurgery 2013;72(6):899-906.
  291. O’Neill KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hyun S-J, Neuman B, Dorward I, Koester L. Clinical and radiographic outcomes after 3-column osteotomies with 5-year follow-up. Spine 2014;39(5):424-432
  292. Bumpass DB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stallbaumer JJ, Kim YJ, Wallendorf MJ, Min W-K, Sides BA. Pulmonary function improvement after vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformity. Spine 2014;39(7): 587-595
  293. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Park MS, Song K-S, Piyaskulkaew C, Chuntarapas T. Patients with proximal junctional kyphosis requiring revision surgery have higher post-op lumbar lordosis and larger sagittal balance corrections. Spine 2014;39(9):E576-E580
  294. Terran J, McHugh BJ, Fischer CR, Lonner B, Warren D, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Surgical treatment for adult spinal deformity: projected cost effectiveness at 5-year follow-up. The Ochsner Journal 2014; 14(1):14-22
  295. O’Neill KR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kelly MP, Chuntarapas T, Dorward IG, Neuman BJ, Ahmad A, Baldus C. Extension of spine fusion to the sacrum following long fusions for deformity correction. Spine 2014;39(12):953-962
  296. Dickson DD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester L. Risk factor for and assessment of symptomatic pseudarthrosis after lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy in adult spinal deformity. Spine 2014;39(15):1190-1195
  297. Owen JW, Bridwell KH, Gilula LA. Management of complications following radiofrequency ablation of a pedicle osteoid osteoma. Am J Ortho June 2014:E1-E5
  298. Fischer CR, Terran J, Lonner B, McHugh B, Warren D, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Factors predicting cost effectiveness of adult spinal deformity surgery at 2 years. Spine Deformity 2014;2(5):415-422
  299. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hu G, Buchowski JM, Dorward IG, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Koester LA. The prevalence of abnormal preoperative neurological examination in Scheuermann kyphosis: correlation with x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical outcome. Spine 2014;39(21):1771-1776
  300. Mesfin A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Akhtar U, Jupitz JM, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim HJ, Koester LA. Does preoperative narcotic use adversely affect outcomes and complications after spinal deformity surgery? A comparison of non-narcotic to narcotic using groups. The Spine J 2014;14(12):2819-2825
  301. Koller H, Lenke LG, Meier O, Zenner J, Umschlaeger M, Hempfing A, Hitzl W, Bridwell KH, Koester LA. Comparison of anteroposterior to posterior-only correction of Scheuermann’s kyphosis: a matched-pair radiographic analysis of 92 patients. Spine Deformity 2015;3(2):192-198
  302. Crawford CH III, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Carreon LY. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in SRS-22R total score, appearance, activity and pain domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine 2015;40(6):377-381
  303. Skovrlj B, Cho SK, Caridi JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YJ. Association between surgeon experience and complication rates in adult scoliosis surgery: a review of 5,117 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Database 2004-2007. Spine 2015;40(15):1200-1205
  304. Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Lenke GL, Bumpass DB, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Carreon LY. SRS-22 appearance domain correlates most with patient satisfaction after adult deformity surgery to the sacrum at 5-year follow-up. Spine 2015;40(16):1297-1302
  305. Haller G, Alvarado DM, Willing MC, Braverman AC, Bridwell KH, Kelly M, Lenke LG, Luhmann SJ, Gurnett CA, Dobbs MB. Genetic risk for aortic aneurysm in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97(17):1411-1417
  306. Godzik J, Holekamp TF, Limbrick DD, Lenke LG, Park TS, Ray WZ, Bridwell K, Kelly MP. Risks and outcomes of spinal deformity surgery in Chiari malformation, type 1, with syringomyelia versus adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2015;15(9):2002-2008
  307. O’Neill KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Neuman BJ, Kim HJ, Archer KR. Factors associated with long-term patient-reported outcomes following 3-column osteotomies. Spine J 2015;15(11):2312-2318
  308. Neuman BJ, Baldus C, Zebala LP, Kelly MP, Shaffrey C, Edwards II C, Koski T, Schwab F, Glassman S, Parent S, Lewis S, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Smith JS, Crawford III CH, Boachie-Adjei O, Kim HJ, Lafage V, Lurie J, Carreon L, BridwelL KH. Patient factors that influence decision making: randomization versus observational nonoperative versus observational operative treatment for adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis (ASLS). Spine 2016;41(6):E349-E358
  309. Raynor BL, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Buchowski JM, Luhmann SJ. Failure of intraoperative monitoring to detect postoperative neurologic deficits: a 25-year experience in 12,375 spinal surgeries. Spine 2016 (Accepted, in press)
  310. Chapman, Jr. TM, Baldus CR, Lurie JD, Glassman SD, Schwab FJ, Shaffrey CI, Lafage V, Boachie-Adjei O, Kim HJ, Smith JS, Crawford III CH, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Edwards II C, Koski T, Parent S, Lewis S, Kang DG, McClendon, Jr. J, Metz L, Zebala LP, Kelly MP, Spratt KF, Bridwell KH. A multicenter, prospective NIH Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis (ASLS) study of 286 patients. Spine 2016 (Accepted, in press)
  311. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hyun S-J, You K-H, Kim Y-W, Chang H-G, Kelly MP, Koester LA, Blanke KM, Bumpass DB. Results of revision surgery for proximal junctional kyphosis following posterior segmental instrumentation: minimum 2-year post-revision follow-up. Spine 2016 (Accepted, in press)
  312. Crawford CH III, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Carreon LY. The substantial clinical benefit threshold for SRS-22R domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine Deformity 2016 (Accepted, in press)
  313. Karikari IO, Bridwell KH, Elsamadicy AA, Lenke LG, Sugrue P, Bumpass D, Ahmad A, Gum J. Decompression in adult lumbar deformity surgery is associated with increased perioperative complications but favorable long term outcomes. Global Spine J (Accepted, in press)
  314. Kang D, Baldus C, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI, Lurie JD, Bridwell KH. Neurologic deficits have a negative impact on patient related outcomes in primary presentation adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis surgical treatment at one-year follow-up. Spine (Accepted, in press)
  315. Adogwa O, Elsamadicy A, Sergesketter A. Behrens S, Hobbs C, Bridwell K, Karikari I. Impact of age on change in self-image 5-years after complex spinal fusion (≥5 levels). World Neurosurg (Accepted 8/16)

        Invited Publications: Journal Articles

  1. Bridwell KH. Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentation. Mediguide to Orthopaedics 1986;7:1-4
  2. Bridwell KH. Experience with first 93 CD instrumentations. Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, July, 1986, pp 122-125
  3. Bridwell KH. Experience with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. 4th Proceedings of International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp 21-23
  4. Bridwell KH. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for pathologic instability. 4th Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp 96-98
  5. Bridwell KH. The pediatric Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. 4th Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1987, pp 149-150
  6. Bridwell KH. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Nurs 1988;7(1):11-16
  7. Rames RD, Morgan HC, Bridwell KH. Lumbar diskectomy: Operative indications and technique. Surgical Rounds for Orthopedics 1988;2(6):15-19
  8. Bridwell KH. Spinal instrumentation in the lumbar spine. Surgical Rounds for Orthopedics 1988;2(6):36-48
  9. Bridwell KH. Indications and techniques of anterior spinal surgery. Back Talk 1988;13:3-11
  10. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Effects of traction on the spinal cord. J Japanese Spine Res 1990;1(85):15-20
  11. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Ogata K, Sugioka Y. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials. Bessatu Seikeigeka (Orthopedic Surgery) 1990;18:128-132
  12. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Barnkow DS, Sugioka Y. Magnetic stimulation. Bessatu Seikeigeka (Orthopedic Surgery) 1990;18:133-136
  13. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Achieving coronal balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI). VIIIth Proceedings of the International Congress on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Sauramps Medical Publishers, 1991, pp 27-32
  14. Bridwell KH. Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer of the spine. Urol Clin North Am 1991;18(1):153-159
  15. Naito M, Sugioka Y, Oakley DM, Owen JH, Bridwell KH. Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root and its clinical relevance. Japanese Journal of Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery 1992;27:349-353
  16. Bridwell KH. Point of View. Spine 1994;19(9):1037-1038 (Stokes IAF, Ronchetti PJ, Aronsson DD: Changes in shape of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curve after surgical correction. Spine 1994;19(9):1032-1038
  17. Joyce ME, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Lou J, Bridwell KH. Characterization of cellular and molecular events in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Frontiers 1994;1(2):1-12
  18. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Prevention and treatment of decompensation: when can levels be saved and selective fusion be performed in idiopathic scoliosis? Spine: State of the Art Reviews 1994;8(3):643-657
  19. Bridwell KH. Progressive congenital spinal deformity – discussion. Spinal Frontiers 1995;2(1):2-3
  20. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ. Principles and imaging of spinal instrumentation. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):189-212
  21. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ.  Fixation techniques and instrumentation used in the cervical spine. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):213-232
  22. Slone RM, McEnery KW, Bridwell KH, Montgomery WJ.  Fixation techniques and instrumentation used in the thoracic, lumbar and lumbosacral spine. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33(2):233-266
  23. Bridwell KH. Evaluation and treatment of adult degenerative de novo scoliosis (ADDS). Back Talk 1995;18(3):5-6
  24. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Stephens GC, Yoo JU, Wilbur G. Comparison of lumbar sagittal alignment produced by different operative positions. Spine 1996;21:1807
  25. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Biomechanical considerations in the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine: State of the Art Reviews 1996;10(3):409-431
  26. Bridwell KH. Point of View. Hopf CG, Eysel P, Dubousset J. Operative treatment of scoliosis with the Cotrel-Dubousset-Hopf instrumentation: new anterior spinal device. Spine 1997;22(6):627-628
  27. Bridwell KH. Surgical decision making in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In: Albert TJ, Balderston RA (eds), Scoliosis issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery 1997;9(2):130-140
  28. Bridwell KH: Point of View. Korovessis PG, Stamatakis MV, Baikousis AG. Reciprocal angulation of vertebral bodies in sagittal plane in an asymptomatic Greek population. Spine 1998;23(6):704
  29. Bridwell KH. Point of View. McCance S. Coronal and sagittal balance in surgically treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with the King II curve pattern: A review of 67 consecutive cases having selective thoracic arthrodesis. Spine 1998;23(19):2073-2074
  30. Bridwell KH. Reconstruction for failed fusion.Spine: State of the Art Reviews 2000;14(1);vi
  31. Bridwell KH. The posterior, middle, and anterior column of the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res2002;394:2-3
  32. Bridwell K. Point of View (Deformity). Spine 2002;27(19):2135-2136
  33. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Open anterior scoliosis correction for pediatric spinal deformity. In: Wiesel SW, Boden SD (eds), Pediatric Spinal Deformity issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery 2003;15(3):236-243
  34. Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Rinella A, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance: Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg 2004;86-A(1):44-50
  35. Bridwell KH. Selection of instrumentation and fusion levels for scoliosis: where to start and where to stop? J Neurosurg Spine 2004;1:1-8
  36. O’Brien MF, Kuklo TR, Mardjetko SJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Newton PO, Carmody CN. The sacropelvic unit: Creative solutions to complex fixation and reconstruction problems. In: Kuklo TR, O’Brien MF (eds): Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Fixation issue. Seminars in Spine Surgery 2004;16(2):134-149
  37. Mardjetko S, Albert T, Andersson A, Bridwell K, DeWald C, Gaines R, Geck, M, Hammerberg K, Herkowitz, Kwon B, Labelle H, Lubicky J, McAfee P, Ogilvie J, Shufflebarger H, Whitesides T. Spine/SRS spondylolisthesis summary statement 2005;30(6S):S3
  38. Newton PO, Thompson G, Bridwell K. Summary statement: Innovative technologies for traditional scoliosis surgery.  Spine 2005;30(17S):S92-S93
  39. Bridwell KH. Point of view (Clinical case series). Spine 2006;31(2):170
  40. Jones KB, Sponseller PD, Erkula G, Sakai L, Ramirez F, Dietz III HC, Kost-Byerly S, Bridwell KH, Sandell L. Symposium on the musculoskeletal aspects of Marfan syndrome: meeting report and state of the science. J Ortho Research 2007;25(3):413-22

Invited Publications: Book Chapters

  1. Bridwell KH, Saul TG. Upper thoracic spinal instability. In: Dunsker SB, Schmidek HH, Frymoyer J, Kahn A (eds): The Unstable Spine. Grune and Stratton, Inc., 1986, pp 85-107
  2. Bridwell KH. Idiopathic scoliosis. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Vol. 1.  Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 97-162
  3. Bridwell KH. Primary tumors of the spine. In:  Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Vol. 2.  Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 1143-1185
  4. Allen BT, Bridwell KH.  Paramedian anterior retroperitoneal approach to the anterior lumbar spine. In:  Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991, pp 85-96
  5. Bridwell KH. Low lumbar (L3-L4-L5) burst fractures. In: Floman Y, Farcy J-PC, Argenson C (eds):  Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures. New York, Raven Press, 1993, pp 223-234
  6. Bridwell KH.  Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Surgical treatment. Chapter 24. In: Weinstein SL (ed):  The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice (1st ed).  New York, Raven Press, 1994, pp 511-555
  7. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG.  Prevention and treatment of decompensation. When can levels be saved and selective fusion be performed in idiopathic scoliosis?  In: Farcy J-PC (ed): Complex Spinal Deformities. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 8, No. 3.  Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1994, pp 643-657
  8. Bridwell KH. Lumbar spinal stenosis:  Diagnosis, management, and treatment. In: The Aging Spine. In:  Perry HM III (ed): Clinics in Geriatric Medicine.  Vol. 10, No. 4. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1994, pp 677-701
  9. Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Bridwell KH. Fractures and dislocations of the spine. Chapter 14. In:  Perry CR, Elstrom JA, Pankovich AM (eds): The Handbook of Fractures. St. Louis, McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1995, pp 157-197
  10. Bridwell KH.  Management of tumors at the lumbosacral junction. Chapter 10.  In:  Margulies JY, Floman Y, Farcy J-PC, Neuwirth MG (eds):  Lumbosacral and Spinopelvic Fixation. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1996, pp 109-122
  11. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Biomechanical considerations in the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  In: Merola AA, Haher TR (eds): Current Concepts and Controversies in Spinal Biomechanics. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 10, No. 3.  Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1996, pp 409-431
  12. Allen BT, Bridwell KH.  Paramedian retroperitoneal approach to the anterior lumbar spine. Chapter 24. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 267-274
  13. Bridwell KH. Degenerative scoliosis. Chapter 48. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed).  Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 777-795
  14. Bridwell KH.  Acquired degenerative spondylolisthesis without lysis. Chapter 73. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds):  The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 1299-1315
  15. Bridwell KH. Osteotomies for fixed deformities in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Chapter 50. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed). Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 821-835
  16. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Adult spondylolisthesis with lysis. Chapter 72. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed).  Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 1269-1298
  17. Gelb DE, Bridwell KH.  Primary benign tumors of the spine. Chapter 105. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery (2 ed).  Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997, pp 1959-1981
  18. Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of pediatric idiopathic scoliosis. Chapter 9.  In: An HS (ed):  Principles and Techniques of Spine Surgery. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1998, pp 187-212
  19. Bridwell KH. Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. In: Garfin SR (ed): Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine (1 ed).  American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL, 1997, pp 161-171
  20. Bridwell KH. The use of structural allograft for anterior spinal reconstruction. In: Zdeblick TA (ed): Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and New Techniques for Spinal Fusion. Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 11, No. 2.  Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 1997, pp 361-371
  21. Lenke LG, Linville D, Bridwell KH. Sagittal balance considerations in adults. In:  Margulies JY, Aebi M, Farcy J-PC (eds):  Revisions in Spine Surgery. Philadelphia, Mosby-Year Book, 1999, pp 752-770
  22. Bridwell KH.  Pedicle subtraction (three column) osteotomy. In:  McCarthy RE (ed):  Spinal Instrumentation Techniques Manual. Section 11 Special Techniques. Rosemont, IL, Scoliosis Research Society, 1998, pp 1-9
  23. Bridwell KH. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Surgery. Chapter 21. In: Weinstein S (ed):  The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice (2nd ed).  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp 385-411
  24. Bridwell KH. Reconstruction of the failed fusion.  In:  Drummond D (ed):  Strategies in the Pediatric Spine, Spine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 14(1), Philadelphia, Hanley and Belfus, Inc., 2000, pp 141-161
  25. Bridwell KH.  Adult deformity: Scoliosis and sagittal plane deformities.  In:  Vaccaro AR, Betz RR, Zeidman SM (eds):  Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery.  Philadelphia, Mosby, 2003, pp 539-547
  26. Bridwell KH.  Complications of anterior and posterior thoracic and lumbar instrumentation. In: Vaccaro AR, Betz RR, Zeidman SM (eds):  Principles and Practice of Spine Surgery.  Philadelphia, Mosby, 2003, pp 727-734
  27. Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O. Lumbar spine:  Deformity.  In:  Boden SD, Bohlman HH (ed):  The Failed Spine.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003, pp 220-236
  28. Bridwell KH:  Pedicle subtraction osteotomy. In:  Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ (eds): Spine Surgery Tricks of the Trade.  New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 146-147
  29. Bridwell KH:  Smith-Petersen osteotomy. In: Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ (eds): Spine Surgery Tricks of the Trade. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 148-149
  30. Bridwell KH: Spine osteotomy and resection. Chapter 54. In: DeWald RL (ed):  Spinal Deformities: The Comprehensive Text. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 551-561
  31. Bridwell KH: Staging plus complications of approaches. Chapter 55. In: DeWald RL (ed): Spinal Deformities: The Comprehensive Text. New York, Thieme, 2003, pp 562-567
  32. Bridwell KH: Posterior scoliosis correction: Double major curves. In: Haher TR, Merola AA (eds): Surgical Techniques for the Spine, New York, Thieme 2003, pp 153-155
  33. Bridwell KH:  Posterior scoliosis correction: King type V/double thoracic curves. In: Haher TR, Merola AA (eds): Surgical Techniques for the Spine, New York, Thieme 2003, pp 156-158
  34. Bridwell KH: Sacro-pelvic fixation. In:  Bradford DS, Zdeblick T (eds):  Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery:  The Spine, 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004, pp 335-345
  35. Bridwell KH. Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. In:  Devlin VJ (ed):  Spine Secrets. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 2003, pp 336-340
  36. Bridwell KH. Anterior decancellation procedures for scoliosis with sagittal imbalance. Chapter 21. In: Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J (eds): Modern Anterior Scoliosis Surgery. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2004, pp 287-301
  37. Bridwell KH.  Limits of anterior scoliosis surgery:  When is the posterior approach the better option?  Chapter 19.  In:  Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J (eds):  Modern Anterior Scoliosis Surgery.  St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, 2004, pp 259-269
  38. Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH. Adult deformity. Chapter 21. In:  Bono CM, Garfin SR (eds):  Spine.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004, pp 175-187
  39. Prpa B, Bridwell KH, Lieberman IH. Scheuermann’s disease. Chapter 59. In: Benzel EC (ed): Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management, 2nd edition. Philadelphia, Elsevier Science, 2004, pp 744-753
  40. Bridwell KH. Indications for anterior only and combined (anterior and posterior) approaches (thoracic and lumbar spine) and techniques in pediatric and adult patients.  In:  Pellegrini Jr. VD (ed):  AAOS Instructional Course Lectures Volume 54.  Rosemont, AAOS, 2005, pp 559-565
  41. Bridwell KH.  Lumbosacral junction and sacrum stabilization. In: Kim DH, Vaccaro AR, Fessler RG (eds):  Spinal Instrumentation Surgical Techniques. New York, Thieme, 2005, pp 1084-1089
  42. Okubadejo GO, Taylor BA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Fractures and dislocations of the spine. Chapter 15. In: Elstrom JA, Virkus WW, Pankovich AM (eds): Handbook of Fractures. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2005, pp 216-247
  43. Bridwell KH. Causes of sagittal spinal imbalance and assessment of how much correction is needed.  Chapter 56.  In:  Light T: AAOS Instructional Course Lectures Volume 55, Rosemont, AAOS, 2006, pp 567-575
  44. Rinella AS, Bridwell KH.  Iatrogenic fixed sagittal imbalance. Chapter 95. In: Herkowitz HN, Garfin S, Eismont FJ, Bell GR (eds):  Rothman-Simeone The Spine, 5th edition.  Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2006, pp 1564-1578
  45. Rinella AS, Bridwell KH. Iatrogenic fixed sagittal imbalance in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease:  Prevention and management. Chapter 31. In:  Vaccaro A, Regan JJ, Crawford AH, Benzel EC, Anderson DG (eds): Complications in Pediatric and Adult Spinal Surgery. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004, pp 493-512
  46. Bridwell KH.  Surgical treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis. In: Angevine PD (guest ed):  Neurosurgical Clinics of North America Complication Avoidance in Complex Spine Surgery.  Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 2006, Vol. 17, Number 3, pp 331-338
  47. Angevine PD, Bridwell KH. Sagittal imbalance. In: Angevine PD (guest ed): Neurosurgical Clinics of North America Complication Avoidance in Complex Spine Surgery.  Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co., 2006, Vol. 17, Number 3, pp 353-363
  48. Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity revision surgery. In: Heary R, Albert TJ (eds): Spinal Deformities: The Essentials. New York, Thieme, 2006, Chapter 23, pp 240-248
  49. Bridwell KH.  Corrective osteotomies for kyphosis. In: Anderson DG, Vaccaro AR (eds): Decision Making in Spinal Care. New York, Thieme, 2007, Chapter 46, pp 303-308
  50. Bridwell KH.  Osteotomy techniques (Smith-Petersen and pedicle subtraction) for fixed sagittal imbalance. In: Vaccaro AR, Baron EM (eds): Operative Techniques: Spine Surgery. Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier, Procedure 27, 2007, pp 345-358
  51. Bridwell KH.  Decision making on anterior versus posterior versus combined approaches for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. In: Kim DH, Betz RR, Huhn SL, Newton PO (eds): Surgery of the Pediatric Spine. New York, Thieme, 2008, Chapter 53, pp 669-681
  52. Bridwell KH.  Foreward.  In:  Mummaneni PV, Lenke LG, Haid Jr. RW (eds): Spinal Deformity: A Guide To Surgical Planning and Management. St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2008, pp xi
  53. Silva FE, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Thoracic Smith-Petersen osteotomy versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for posterior-only treatment of thoracic kyphosis. In: Mummaneni PV, Lenke LG, Haid Jr. RW (eds):  Spinal Deformity:  A Guide To Surgical Planning and Management.  St. Louis, Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2008, Chapter 21, pp 409-428
  54. Bridwell KH. Anterior spinal anchor strategy placement and rod reduction techniques. In: Vaccaro AR, Albert T (eds):  Spine Surgery:  Tricks of the Trade, 2nd edition. New York, Thieme, 2008, Chapter 58, pp 215-217
  55. Angevine P, O’Leary P, Bridwell KH. Fixed sagittal imbalance. In: Herkowitz HN, Garfin SR, Eismont FJ, Bell GR, Balderston RA (eds): Rothman-Simeone: The Spine, 6th Edition. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2011, Volume 2, Chapter 74, pp 1285-1296
  56. Bridwell KH. Foreward II. In: Akbarnia BA, Yazici M, Thompson GH (eds): The Growing Spine. New York, Springer, 2011, pp xi-x
  57. O’Shaughnessy BA, Crawford CH III, Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of thoracic scoliosis. In: Wang JC (ed):  Advanced Reconstruction: Spine.  Rosemont, AAOS, 2011, Chapter 30, pp 287-302
  58. Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds). The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012
  59. Engsberg JA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Trunk range of motion and gait considerations in patients with spinal deformity. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 5, pp 57-64
  60. Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH. Introduction to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 71, pp 709-710
  61. Okubadejo G, Bridwell KH. Evolution of instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 80, pp 800-807
  62. Bridwell KH. Treatment of thoracic scoliosis.  In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 84, pp 866-888
  63. Freedman B, Edwards II C, Bridwell KH. Selective thoracic fusion.  In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 85, pp 889-904
  64. Schwab F, Berven S, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity classification. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 88, pp 921-928
  65. Hamill CL, Angevine PD, Bridwell KH.  Sagittal imbalance. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 90, pp 938-947
  66. O’Shaughnessy BA, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH.  Pedicle subtraction procedures for complex spinal deformity. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 95, pp 987-998
  67. Angevine PD, Bridwell KH.  Structural grafting for adult spinal deformity. In: Bridwell KH, DeWald RL (eds): The Textbook of Spinal Surgery, 3rd ed.  Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2011, Chapter 100, pp 1052-1058
  68. O’Shaughnessy BA, Crawford CH III, Bridwell KH. Adult idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. In: Devlin VJ (ed):  Spine Secrets Plus, 2nd edition.  St. Louis, Elsevier, 2012, Chapter 52, pp 348-353
  69. Zebala LP, Kelly MP, Bridwell KH. Osteotomy techniques (Smith-Petersen and pedicle subtraction) for fixed sagittal imbalance. In: Vaccaro AR, Baron EM (eds). Operative Techniques: Spine Surgery, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2012, Procedure 28, pp 270-279
  70. Zebala LP, Bridwell KH. Smith-Petersen osteotomy and pedicle subtraction osteotomy. In: Rhee JM, Boden SD, Flynn JM (eds). Operative Techniques in Spine Surgery. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012, Chapter 25, pp 234-244
  71. Padberg AM, Bolon SM, Bridwell KH. Neurophysiologic monitoring and adult deformity surgery. In: Loftus CM, Biller J, Baron EM (eds): Intraoperative Neuromonitoring. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2013, Chapter 40, pp 465-474
  72. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH: Sacropelvic fixation. In:  Zdeblick TA, Albert TJ (eds):  Master Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery: The Spine, Third edition. Philadelphia, Wolters Kulwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014, Chapter 30, pp 373-384
  73. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH. Severe kyphoscoliosis of the high thoracic spine with neurofibromatosis treated with traction and posterior surgery. In: Gupta MC, Gupta S, Vaccaro AR, (eds): Complex Spine Cases: A collection of current techniques. New Delhi, India, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2014, Chapter 7, pp 1-5
  74. Bridwell KH.  Degenerative conditions - Monosegmental/multisegmental: Lumbar. In: Whitecloud III TS, Harms J (eds): Anterior Spinal Column Reconstruction:  Biomechanics, Rationale and Techniques. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014 (in press, accepted)
  75. Bridwell KH. Burst fractures: posterior fixation and fusion: 6 screws and 2 hooks. In: Tornetta P (ed): Techniques in Fracture Surgery. Philadelphia, Mosby, 2014
  76. Neuman B, Bridwell KH. Adult Spinal Deformity Revision Surgery. In: Heary R, Albert TJ (eds): Spinal Deformities:  The Essentials, 2nd ed. New York, Thieme, 2014, Chapter 24 (in press)
  77. Zebala LP, Bridwell KH. Smith-Petersen osteotomy and pedicle subtraction osteotomy. In: Wiesel S, Rhee J (eds). Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015

Audio-Visual Publications

  1. Bridwell KH, Kain CC:  Surgical treatment of burst fractures.  Medical Outlook for Orthopedic Surgeons, Vol. 1, No. 3, December, 1985
  2. Bridwell KH:  Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentation. Video Journal of Orthopedics, Vol. 1, No. 2, July, 1986
  3. Bridwell KH:  Spinal infections and osteomyelitis. Audio-Digest Orthopaedics, Vol 11, No 2, February 1988
  4. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Barnkow DS:  Procedural guide for eliciting somatosensory and motor evoked potentials during surgery.  Individual orthopedic instruction video/video disc theatre.  American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Library, VT-318, 1988
  5. Bridwell KH:  Adult scoliosis.  Orthopaedic Grand Rounds, Case Discussion Series.  American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, CD-ROM, June 1995 issue
  6. Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Luhmann SJ.  Scoliosis.  Pediatric UPDATE, vol. 27, #9.

       Work In Progress: Journal Articles

  1. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hyun S-J, You K-H, Kim Y-W, Chang H-G, Kelly MP, Koester LA, Blanke KM, Bumpass DB. Results of revision surgery for proximal junctional kyphosis following posterior segmental instrumentation: minimum 2-year post-revision follow-up. Spine (submitted 2/16)

       Scientific Exhibits (National Meetings)

  1. Bridwell KH, DeWald RL, Prodromas C, Rodts M.  Reconstructive spine surgery as palliation for primary metastatic malignancies.  Poster Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, NV, 1983
  2. Bridwell KH. Pre and postoperative CT scan/radiographic evaluation of 14 burst fractures treated with contoured Harrington rods and SSI. Scientific Exhibit presented at Scoliosis Research Society, Orlando, FL, 1984
  3. Bridwell KH.  Pre and postoperative evaluation of thoracolumbar burst fractures treated with Harrington rods and sublaminar wires.  Scientific Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, NV, January 1985
  4. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Nielsen CH, Shimon S. Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans. Scientific Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1987 (Walter P. Blount Award for best scientific exhibit)
  5. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Nielsen CH, Shimon S. Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans.  Scientific Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, GA, February 1988
  6. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Barnkow DS.  Clinical and methodological experience with neurogenic evoked potentials.  Poster Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Baltimore, MD, September 29-October 2, 1988
  7. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Naito M, Shimon S.  Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity and clinical status.  Poster Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1989
  8. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Barnkow DS.  Relationship between duration of overdistraction of the spine, lost evoked potentials and clinical status in animals.  Poster Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1989
  9. Marushak M, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG.  Surgical resection of congenital lumbar hemivertebrae.  Scientific Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Kansas City, MO, 1992
  10. Marushak M, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG.  Results of lumbar hemivertebra resections.  Scientific Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 2, 1993
  11. O’Brien MF, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Adult onset “de novo” degenerative scoliosis: guidelines for evaluation and treatment.  Poster Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Dublin, Ireland, 1993
  12. O’Brien MF, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Adult onset “de novo” degenerative scoliosis: Classification and treatment.  Poster Exhibit presented at the North American Spine Society, San Diego, CA, October 1993
  13. Chapman MP, Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Blanke K, Baldus C.  Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation anteriorly?  Poster Exhibit #9 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Asheville, North CA, September 1995 (John H. Moe Award for best poster exhibit)
  14. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation anteriorly?  Exhibit presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  15. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation anteriorly?  Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, GA, February 22-26, 1996
  16. Gupta P, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Evaluation and treatment of flatback deformity. Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  17. Marsicano J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Gupta P, Blanke K, Baldus C.  Operative results for degenerated segments adjacent to a spinal fusion.  Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  18. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Lowe TG, Clements D, Harms J, Shufflebarger HL.  Classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  A new system addressing both coronal and sagittal planes.  Exhibit presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  19. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Linville D, Blanke K, Bridwell KH.  Comparison of the push-prone and side bending radiographs for predicting postoperative coronal alignment in thoracolumbar and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Exhibit #19 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  20. Vedantam R, Linville D, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Effect of variation in arm position on the sagittal spinal alignment.  Exhibit #27, Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  21. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam R, Leicht P.  Revision surgery in the adult spinal deformity patient using combined procedures:  Do revision cases have more complications?  Exhibit #53 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  22. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam R, Leicht P.  Complications in the adult spinal deformity patient having combined surgery:  Does revision increase the risk?  Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, March 19-23, 1998
  23. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Bridwell KH.  A new and comprehensive classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Exhibit presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  24. White DK, Lenke LG, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Engsberg JR.  Prospective evaluation of maximal oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).  Exhibit #68 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  25. Yukawa Y, Lenke LG, Tenhula J, Riew KD, Bridwell KH, Blanke K.  A prospective and comprehensive outcome study of surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication.  Poster exhibit #PE303 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 28-March 4, 2001
  26. Lenke LG, Sweet FA, Blanke K, Whorton J, Bridwell KH.  Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications of single solid rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster exhibit #PE312 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 28-March 4, 2001
  27. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, O’Brien M, Rhee JM, Hanson DS.  CT scan accuracy of “free hand” thoracic pedicle screw placement in pediatric spinal deformity.  Exhibit #36 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  28. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Rhee JM, Hanson DS.  Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine:  Is it safe?  Exhibit #37 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  29. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH.  Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Exhibit #39 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  30. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH.  Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster presented at the Spine, Science and Management: Spine Fellows Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 11-12, 2001
  31. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH.  Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster presented at the Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons 43rd annual meeting, Vail, CO, December 10-15, 2001
  32. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Rhee JM, Hanson DS.  Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine:  Is it safe?  Poster presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  33. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Hollander KW, Uhrich ML, Bridwell KH.  Changes in trunk range of motion (ROM) following anterior or posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Exhibit #12 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 17-22, 2002
  34. Graham EJ, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH.  Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster presented at the Spine, Science and Management: Spine Fellows Conference, New Orleans, LA, November 21-22, 2002
  35. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Rinella AS, Edwards II CC.  Pseudarthrosis in adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions; correlation with dominos, crosslinks and distal fusion levels.  Poster #304 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2003
  36. Rinella AS, Lenke LG, Peelle MW, Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH, Sides B. Comparison of SRS questionnaire results submitted by both parents and patients in the operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster #314 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 2003
  37. Lee SM, Suk SI, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Comparison of rigid and semi-rigid rods with segmental pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).  Poster #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  38. Lenke LG, Glattes RC, Orchowski J, Spencer U, Blanke K, Sides B, Bridwell KH.  Comparison of single vs dual rod instrumentation for thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  E-Poster #3 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  39. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Curve prevalence of infantile and juvenile idiopathic curves using a modified Lenke classification scheme.  E-Poster #57 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  40. Peelle M, Lenke LG, Bridwell, K, Sides B.  Iliac screw vs. Galveston rod pelvic fixation techniques in neuromuscular spinal deformity.  E-Poster #59 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  41. Roh M, Edwards C, Rinella A, Riew D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG.  Vertebral corpectomies reconstructed with titanium mesh cages.  Poster #P424 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 71st annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 10-14, 2004
  42. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Peelle MW, Okubadejo GO, Cheng I, Hurford Jr. RK, Bridwell KH.  Preserving the degenerative L5-S1 segment in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery in older patients.  Is it possible?  E-Poster #79 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 11th annual mMeeting, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  43. Sanders J, Polly DW, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Newton P, Kuklo T, Dormans J, Drummond D, Diab M, Richards B. Validity and reliability of the spinal appearance questionnaire in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 11th annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  44. Polly Jr. DW, Sanders J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Newton PO, Kuklo TR, Dormans J, Drummond D, Diab M, Richards BS.  Validity and reliability of the spinal appearance questionnaire in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. E-Poster #7 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 6-9, 2004
  45. Satake K, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Sides B, Steger-May K. Selection of the lowest instrumented vertebra in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Lenke type 1 and 2) following segmental posterior spinal fusion.  Live poster presentation 1 presented at the North American Spine Society 19th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, October 2004
  46. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hybrid instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis - A matched cohort analysis.  Live poster presentation 2 presented at the North American Spine Society 19th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, October 2004
  47. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim J, Cho KJ.  Thoracolumbar junctional analysis in patients fixed to T12 vs L1 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Is there any difference?  Live poster presentation 4 presented at the North American Spine Society 19th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, October 2004
  48. Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Horton III WC.  The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. P285 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  49. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Bridwell KH.  Selective thoracic fusion for AIS:  Comparison of hooks versus pedicle screws.  P293 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  50. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Bridwell KH.  Comparison of combine ASF/PSF versus PSF alone for the treatment of AIS curves >90º.  P298 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  51. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Comparison of combine anterior/posterior spinal fusion versus posterior fusion alone for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic curves greater than 90 degrees.  Standard and E-Poster #4 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spinal Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  52. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Selective posterior thoracic fusions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Comparison of hooks versus pedicle screws.  Standard and E-Poster #5 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  53. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Valenté L, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Blanke K.  Comparison of Scheuermann’s kyphosis correction by posterior only thoracic pedicle screw fixation vs. combined anterior/posterior fusion.  Standard and E-Poster #18 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  54. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides B.  Is circumferential surgery for de novo adult scoliosis justified based on its outcomes and complications?  E-Poster #73 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  55. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH.  Cost-offset analysis of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in primary surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis.  E-Poster #74 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  56. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Okubadejo O, Cheng I, Hurford R, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Stobbs G.  Preserving the degenerated L5-S1 segment in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery in an older patient population.  Is it possible?  E-Poster #79 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  57. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Prevalence of infantile and juvenile idiopathic curves using a modified Lenke Classification Scheme.  E-Poster #119 presented at the International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) 12th annual meeting, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  58. Yang JY, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Stobbs G.  The impact of the lumbar spine modifier and thoracic sagittal profile on the main thoracic component of a Lenke type I scoliosis.  Poster #5A presented at the SRS Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  59. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim SC, Cheh G.  Thoracic kyphosis progression following long lumbar fusion from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1.  Poster #21A presented at the SRS Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  60. Yang JY, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD.  The association of total hip arthroplasty in adjacent segment degeneration after fusion of degenerative spinal disorder – A case control study.  Poster #27A presented at the SRS Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  61. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Rhim SC. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment after adult lumbar/ lumbosacral instrumentation and fusions:  can we predict optimal sagittal balance?  Poster #P102 presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  62. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Rhim SC. Sagittal thoracic decompensation following adult lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusions to L5 of S1: causes, incidence and risk factors analysis. Poster #P105 presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  63. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho SK, Cheh G, Yoon J, Ramo B. Sagittal plane analysis following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison of 3 different posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion. Poster #P108 presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  64. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusions to the sacrum: Incidence and risk factor analysis of 149 cases.  Poster #P101 presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  65. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Prevalence of infantile and juvenile idiopathic curves using a modified Lenke classification scheme.  Poster #10 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  66. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ. Decompression alone vs. decompression and limited fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Louis A. Goldstein Award. Poster #14 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  67. Yang JY, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Stobbs G. The impact of the lumbar spine modifier and thoracic sagittal profile on the main thoracic component of a Lenke Type I scoliosis. Poster #26 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005.
  68. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Schootman M.  Cost analysis of circumferential fusion versus posterior fusion-only with thoracic pedicle screw constructs of 70-100 degree idiopathic thoracic curves. E-poster #4 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th Annual Meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  69. Ramo B, Lenke LG, Kim JY, Sides B, Bridwell KH.  Comparative analysis of SRS Questionnaire results for pedicle screw vs. hook instrumentation in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves >60º. E-poster #5 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  70. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B. Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumenta-tion for the treatment of adult spinal deformity. E-poster #27 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  71. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Potter BK, Polly Jr. DW, Sides B, Bridwell KH.  Surgical revision rate of hooks versus hybrid pedicle screw constructs for AIS.  E-poster #49 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 28-30, 2005
  72. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH.  Cost-offset of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in primary surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster #P381 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd annual meeting, Chicago IL, March 22-26, 2006
  73. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Stobbs G.  Decompression alone vs. limited fusion for treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis.  Poster P371 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd annual meeting, Chicago, Illinois, March 22-26, 2006
  74. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusions to the sacrum.  Poster P374 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 22-26, 2006
  75. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Selective posterior thoracic spinal fusion-Comparison of hooks versus screws. Poster P376 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd annual meeting, Chicago, IL, March 22-26, 2006
  76. Bess RS, Bridwell KH, Lee SS, Lenke LG, Steger-May K. Reconstitution of posterior iliac bone graft site. Prospective evaluation of 2 backfilling techniques.  Poster P380 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 22-26, 2006
  77. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G. Adult degenerative de novo circumferential scoliosis and complications of.  Poster P392 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 22-26, 2006
  78. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Rhim S, Kim YW.  Is the T9, T11 or L1 proimxal level the more stale following lumbar/lumbosacral fusions from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1?  E-poster #12 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  79. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cheh G, Baldus C.  Results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance:  a minimum 5-year follow-up study.  E-poster #15 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  80. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Rhim S, Cheh G.  Proximal junctional kyphosis following adult spinal deformity long posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion:  minimum 5-year follow-up.  E-poster #18 to be presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  81. Cheh G, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim Y, Daubs M, Baldus C.  Risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar/thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation:  a minimum 5-year follow-up.  E-poster #38 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  82. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Daubs M, Watanabe K, Bridwell K, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Is spinal deformity surgery in patients with cerebral plasy truly beneficial?  A patient/parent evaluation.  E-poster #518 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  83. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G. Surgical treatment of adult lumbar scoliosis – Is anterior apical release and fusion necessary?  E-poster #24 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  84. Kim YW, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Kim YB. Free hand pedicle screw placement during revision spinal surgery. Analysis of 552 screws. E-poster #37 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  85. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Lehman Jr. RA, Daubs MD, Nunley R, Steger-May K.  Use of preoperative supine radiographs to accurately predict non-structural curves by the Lenke Classification System of operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. E-poster #244 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  86. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasegawa K, Hirano T, Endo N, Cheh G, Kim YJ, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Cross-cultural comparison of the SRS Outcomes Instrument between American and Japanese scoliosis patients.  Are there differences?  E-poster #248 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  87. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Blanke KM, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH.  The morbidity of an anterior thoracolumbar approach in adult patients with greater than five-year follow-up.  E-poster #272 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  88. Black M, Lenke LG, Hensley M, Przybylski T, Boyer C, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ.  Halo-gravity traction improved radiographs and pulmonary function in severe scoliosis.  E-poster #414 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  89. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Watanabe K, Hensley M, Stobbs G. Comparison of radiographic outcomes for scoliosis curves ≥100 degrees.  Wires vs. hooks vs. screws.  E-poster #420 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  90. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Watanabe K, Stobbs G, Hensley M.  Efficacy and safety of free hand concave apical pedicle screw placement in severe scoliosis curves greater than 100 degrees.  E-poster #421 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  91. Sanders JO, Harast J, Polly Jr. DW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Newton PO, Kuklo TR, Diab M, Richards III BS, Johnston II CE, Sucato DJ.  Responsiveness of the spinal appearance questionnaire (SAQ) compared to the SRS instrument in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster #5 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  92. Luhmann SI, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Revision surgery after primary spine fusion for idiopathic scoliosis:  results from a different institution.  Poster #21 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  93. Luhmann SI, Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. The impact of curve characteristics and spine fusion on pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Poster #23 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  94. Lenke LG, Watanabe K, Daubs MD, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Avoiding screw fixation failure during osteotomy closure with the use of a central hook/rod construct. Poster #31 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  95. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasegawa K, Hirano T, Endo N. Cheh G, Kim YJ, Stobbs G, Hensley M  Cross-cultural comparison of the SRS outcomes instrument between American and Japanese scoliosis patients:  are there differences?  Poster #32 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  96. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides B.  Is circumferential surgery for de novo adult degenerative scoliosis justified based on its outcomes and complications?  E-poster #16 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  97. Angevine PD, Bridwell KH, Hurford Jr. RK, Lenke LG, Baldus C.  Enhancement and maintenance of lordosis with anterior titanium cages in the distal spine of adult lumbar deformity patients.  E-poster #17 presented at Scoliosis Research Society 41st Annual Meeting, Monterey, CA, September 14-16, 2006
  98. Angevine P, Bridwell K, Hurford Jr. R, Lenke L, Baldus C.  Enhancement and maintenance of lordosis with anterior titanium cages in the distal spine of adult lumbar deformity patients.  Poster #P104 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  99. Cheh G, Lenke L, Joon KY, Lehman Jr. R, Buchowski J, Kuhns C, Bridwell K. The reliability of preoperative supine radiographs to predict the amount of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Poster #P120 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  100. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Revision after primary spine fusion for idiopathic scoliosis:  results from a different institution.  Poster #P363 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  101. Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lehman RA, Buchowski JM, Amor CJ, Edward II CC. Thoracolumbar fusions stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc with minimum 5-year follow-up.  Poster #P362 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  102. Lehman R, Bridwell KH, Keeler KA, Kim Y, Cheh G, Buchwoski J, Kuhns C, Lenke LG. Incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity patients:  hooks versus screws.  Poster #P359 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  103. Buchowski J, Lenke LG, Kuhns C, Lehman R, Seshadri V, Bridwell KH. Infections following spinal deformity surgery:  a twenty-year assessment of 2876 patients.  Poster #P356 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  104. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lehman RA Jr., Kuhns CA, Kim YJ. Neurologic complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomy:  a ten-year assessment.  Poster #P355 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  105. Cheh G, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Buchowski J, Daubs M, Kim Y, Baldus C.  Risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar fusion with pedicle screws.  Poster #P391 presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  106. Cronen GA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Mulconrey DS, Rose PS, Zebala LP. Radiographic and functional outcomes of operative treatment of high-grade lytic spondylolisthesis:  a comparison of two techniques involving circumferential fusion and sacropelvic fixation.  E-Poster #445 presented at the 14th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Paradise Island, The Bahamas, July 11-14, 2007
  107. Mulconrey DS, Bridwell KH, Flynn J, Cronen GA, Rose PS, Keeler K. Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) as a substitte for iliac crest bone graft in multilevel adult spinal deformity surgery:  minimum 5-year evaluation of fusion.  E-Poster #47 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd Annual Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  108. Bess RS, Bridwell K, Lee S, Cronen G, Lenke L, Steger-May K. Reconstitution of posterior iliac crest bone graft site: prospective evaluation of 3 backfilling techniques. E-Poster presented at the North American Spine Society 22nd Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  109. Kim Y, Boachie-Adjei O, Bridwell K, Kim Y. Comparative analysis of the two different instrumentation techniques from the thoracolumbar spine to L5 or S1 for adult lumbar scoliosis.  E-Poster presented at the North American Spine Society 22nd Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  110. Daubs M, Lenke L, Kim Y, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell K. Does correction of preoperative coronal imbalance make a different in outcomes of adult deformity patients? E-Poster presented at the North American Spine Society 22nd Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  111. Glassman S, Hamill C, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Dimar J, Lowe T. The impact of peri-operative complications on clinical outcomes in adult deformity surgery. Special Interest Poster presented at the North American Spine Society 22nd Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  112. Okubadejo G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Keeler KA, Davis B.  Effects of rhBMP-2 on thoracic and lumbar arthrodesis: comparison of smokers and nonsmokers.  Poster #351 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 75th annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 4-9, 2008
  113. Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Stephens RB, Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH.  Comparative analysis between Lenke type 1A, B and C curve patterns: pedicle screw versus hybrid constructs.  Which maintains correction better?  Poster #91 presented at the 15th International meeting on Advanced Spine Technologies (IMAST), Hong Kong, China, July 8-11, 2008
  114. Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Stephens RB, Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH.  Change in time of radiographic and balance parameters for the operative treatment of adolscent idiopathic scoliosis: posterior pedicle screw-only versus hybrid constructs.  Poster #92 presented at the 15th International meeting on Advanced Spine Technologies (IMAST), Hong Kong, China, July 8-11, 2008
  115. Buchowski J, Good C, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Epidural spinal cord compression with neurologic deficit associated with intrapedicular application of FloSeal during pedicle screw insertion. E-poster #P39 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  116. Good C, Lenke L, O’Leary P, Pichelmann M, Keeler K, Bridwell K, Baldus C, Koester L. Can posterior only surgery replace combined anterior (thoracotomy/thoracoabdominal)/posterior approaches for adult scoliosis? E-poster #P98 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  117. Lehman R, Lenke L, Kuklo T, Richards BS, Bridwell K.  Comparative analysis between Lenke type 1A, B and C curve patterns: pedicle screw versus hybrid constructs. Which maintains correction better?  E-poster #P127 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  118. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Boachie-Adjei O, Gupta M, Marawar S. Significance of intraoperative thoracic kyphosis increase to prevent the proximal junctional kyphosis in AIS following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation and fusion.  E-poster #P151 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  119. O’Leary P, Lenke L, Good C, Pichelmann M, Keeler K, Bridwell K, Sides B. TLIF as an alternative to formal anterior interbody fusion at the caudal end of long spinal deformity constructs:  does it work?  E-poster #P163 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  120. Good C, Lenke LG, O’Leary PT, Pichelmann MA, Keeler KA, Bridwell KH, Baldus C. Can posterior only surgery replace combined anterior/posterior approaches for adult scoliosis? Poster #P357 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) 76th annual meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 25-28, 2009
  121. O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Good C, Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Buchowski J, Kim YJ, Flynn J.  Acute fractures above spinal deformity pedicle screw constructs (FPSC):  risk factors and outcomes.  Poster #P404 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery (AAOS) 76th annual meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 25-28, 2009
  122. Mishiro T, Lenke LG, Koester LA, Bridwell K, Lumann SJ. Modified Lenke classification system for infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Poster #4 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  123. Roth MD, Padberg AM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR. The effect of bone mineral density on pedicle screw triggered EMG threshold: a comparative study. E-poster #4 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  124. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Smith J, Schwab F, Suk SI, Horton W, Bridwell K. Does appearance influence outcome in adult scoliosis? E-poster #13 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  125. Cronen GA, Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Mulconrey DS, Rose PS, Auerbach JD, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Male vs. female adult deformity surgery: is there a difference in complications and outcomes? E-poster #17 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  126. Zebala ZP, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Luhmann SJ, Auerbach JD, Bridwell KH.  Dual growing rod instrumentation with pedicle screw foundation at a single institution: assessment of outcomes and complications. E-poster #23 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  127. Kim Y, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YB, Kim P. Comparative radiographic analysis of the sagittal spinopelvic alignment between 100 asymptomatic adults and 100 sagittally imbalanced patients: what are the critical radiographic parameters? E-poster #35 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  128. Schwab F, Lafage V, Bridwell K, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI, Farcy J-PC. An algorithm for treating adult thoracic major spinal deformity is helpful in guiding surgical treatment. E-poster #43 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  129. Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Emans JB, O’Brien MF, Sides B, Spinal Deformity Study Group. The rate of posterior-only surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has dramatically increased over the past 15 years with less complications: a multicenter analysis. E-poster #76 presented at the the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  130. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Boachie-Adjei O, Clement J-L, Kim Y, Cho S, Cha T. Sagittal plane changes according to the thoracic kyphosis change following posterior segmental spinal instrumented fusion of adolescent idioapthic scoliosis. E-poster #P173 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  131. Zebala L, Cronen G, Buchowski J, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Ondra SL, Koski T, Venhaus L, Riew KD. Sexual relations after spine surgery: do patients have questions that are not being addressed? E-poster #P63 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  132. Kuhn M, Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH. The utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate values and white blood cell counts after spinal deformity surgery in the early (≤3 month) postoperative period. E-poster #51 presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) annual meeting, Waikoloa, Hawaii, May 4-7, 2010
  133. Crawford III C, Lenke L, Cho W, O’Shaughnessy B, Chang M, Auerbach J, Sides B, Bridwell K. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): do the favorable 2-year SRS-30 outcomes hold-up at 5-years post-op?  Poster #42 presented at the American Orthopaedic Association 123rd Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, June 9-12, 2010
  134. Crawford III C, Bridwell K, Cho W, Buchowski J, O’Shaughnessy B, Chang M, Auerbach J. Extension of prior idiopathic scoliosis fusions to the sacrum: a matched cohort analysis of 60 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. can bmp improve outcomes.  Poster #43 presented at the American Orthopaedic Association 123rd Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, June 9-12, 2010
  135. Kang MM, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Dorward IG, Cho S, Pahys JM, Zebala L, Cho W, Baldus C. Low to moderate de novo adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis: analysis of and radiographic outcomes of surgical treatment.  E-poster #1211 presented at 2010 Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 16-21, 2010
  136. Kang MM, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Dorward IG, Zebala L, Pahys JM, Cho S, Cho S, Sides B. Proximal junctional kyphosis in primary adult deformity surgery: PJK of 20 degrees as a critical angle. E-poster #1212 presented at 2010 Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 16-21, 2010
  137. Crawford III CH, Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards III BS, Emans JB, Vitale MG, Erickson MA, Sanders JO, Bridwell KH.  Selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1C curves: prevalence and criteria.  Poster #P382 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  138. Pahys J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Zebala LP, Cho SK-W, Kang MM, Cho W, Baldus C.  prevalence and outcomes of coronal decompensation in multilevel spinal fusion for adult deformity. Poster #P392 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  139. Richardson S, Berven SH, Carreon LY, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. Translation of the scoliosis research society outcomes instrument to utility scores for the cost- effectiveness analysis of spine treatments for adult deformity.  E-Poster #246 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  140. Warren DT, Lonner BS, Hoelscher C, Terran JS, Schwab F, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Errico T, Lafage V. Adult spinal deformity: a two-year cost-utility analysis and ten-year thought experiment.  E-Poster #250 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  141. Schwab F, Lafage V, Blondel B, Smith JS, Chay E, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD. Sagittal plane spinal deformity: correction thresholds and health related quality of life at two years follow up.  E-Poster #251 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  142. Nakamura Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Ning Y, Hu G, Min W-K, Koester L. Comparison between posterior-only correction and combined anterior/posterior fusion for severe Scheuermann’s kyphosis. E-Poster #267 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  143. Hu G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester L. Comparison of Scheuermann’s kyphosis correction by posterior-only pedicle screw fixation with or without ponté osteotomy.  E-Poster #268 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  144. Min W-K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Lee D-H, Nakamura Y, Park MS, Koester L. Radiographic and clinical outcomes following scoliosis surgery in adolescent patients with marfan syndrome - are they different from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?  E-Poster #275 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  145. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Koester L, Sides BA. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of posterior column osteotomies in spinal deformity correction: analysis of 128 patients. E-Poster #316 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  146. Lafage V, Schwab F, Blondel B, Smith JS, Demakakos J, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD. The limited benefit of coronal cobb angle correction in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a health related quality of life assessment on two year outcomes.  E-Poster #318 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  147. Rahman RK, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ, Sides BA. High dose tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood loss in complex pediatric deformity spine surgery.  E-Poster #342 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  148. Lenke LG, Stallbaumer JJ, Bridwell KH, Zheng J, Koester L. Pulmonary function comparison following adult spinal deformity surgery: minimum two-year follow- up.  E-Poster #348 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  149. Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, Bridwell KH. Lack of agreement on performing selective thoracic fusions for lenke 1c ais curve patterns: evaluation of 57 SRS members. E-Poster #366 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  150. Kelly MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Koester L. A comparison of female and male adult revision spinal deformity surgeries: reasons for revision and risk factors for complications. E-Poster #406 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  151. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hu G, Buchowski JM, Dorward IG, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Koester L. The prevalence of abnormal preoperative neurologic exam in scheuermann’s kyphosis: correlation with x-ray, MRI, and surgical outcome.  E-Poster #541 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  152. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Dorward IG, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Kang MM, Koester L. Anterior lengthening does occur in pedicle subtraction osteotomy (pso) at the osteotomized body as well as at the discs above and below: geometric analysis. E-Poster #613 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  153. Nakamura Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Ning Y, Hu G, Min W-K, Koester L. Comparison between posterior-only correction and combined anterior/posterior fusion for severe Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  154. Bumpass D, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Stallbaumer J, Kim Y, Wallendorf M, Min W-K, Sides B. Pulmonary function changes following posterior vertebral column resection in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients. Poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  155. Stallbaumer J, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Zheng J, Koester L. Pulmonary function comparison following adult spinal deformity surgery: minimum 2-year follow-up. Poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  156. Dickson D, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Sides B. Prevalence and risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in adult spinal deformity. Poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  157. Zebala L, Buchowski J, Bridwell K, Cho S, Pahys J, Kang M, Cho W.  rhBMP-2 and modern surgical techniques significantly reduce the pseudarthrosis rate in long fusions to the sacrum for complex adult spinal deformity.  E-Poster #P58 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  158. Hoelscher C, Warren D, Lonner B, Terran J, Schwab F, Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Errico TJ, Lafage V. adult spinal deformity: a two-year cost-utility analysis and 10-year thought experiment.  E-Poster #P108 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  159. Stoker G, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Zebala LP. Preoperative vitamin D status of adults undergoing spinal fusion surgery.  Poster #P371 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  160. Schwab FJ, Lafage V, Blondel B, Smith JS, Chay E, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI.  Sagittal plane spinal deformity: correction thresholds and health related quality of life at two years follow up.  Poster #P363 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  161. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hu G, Buchowski JM, Pahys J, Cho SK-W, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Koester LA. The prevalence of abnormal preoperative neurologic exam in Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Poster #P377 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  162. Kim HJ, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Koester L, Hershman S, Mesfin A, Fogelson JL, Bridwell KH. RhBMP-2 is superior to iliac crest bone graft for long construct sacropelvic fusions in adult spinal deformity: four to 14-year follow-up. E-poster #335 presented at the 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul, Turkey, July 18-21, 2012
  163. Dorward I, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cho W, Koester L, Sides B. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of posterior column osteotomies in adult spinal deformity correction: analysis of 128 patients.  E-Poster#361 presented at the 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul. Turkey, July 18-21, 2012
  164. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Koester L, Sides BA. radiographic and clinical outcomes of posterior column osteotomies in adult spinal deformity correction: analysis of 128 patients. E-poster #240 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  165. Fischer C, Terran J, McHugh B, Lonner B, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Modeling of cost-effectiveness of adult spinal deformity surgery at 5 years follow-up. Poster #P346 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL March 19-23, 2013
  166. Cho SK, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of 17,412 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society database 2001-2008. Poster #P45 presented at the North American Spine Society 28th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 9-12, 2013
  167. Cho SK, Egorova NN, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi JM, Kim YJ. Comparative analysis of osteotomies during adult sinal fusions: a retrospective review of 3,990 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality database. Poster #P46 presented at the North American Spine Society 28th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 9-12, 2013
  168. Cho SK, Egorova NN, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi J, Kim YJ. Comparative analysis of four osteotomies performed during pediatric spinal fusion surgery. Poster #P253 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2014 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 12-14, 2014
  169. Gum JL, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Salehi A, Bumpass DB, Sugrue P, Karikari I, Kelly MP. What is the fate of adult and pediatric spinal deformity reconstruction after prior deep wound infection? E-Poster #253 to be presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  170. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hyun S-J, Tauchi R, Chang H-G, Koester LA, Blanke KM. Results of revision surgery for pseudarthrosis following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for fixed sagittal imbalance: minimum 5 years post-revision. E-Poster presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  171. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kelly MP, Chang H-G, Kim Y-W, Koester L, Blanke K. Results of revision surgery for proximal junctional kyphosis following posterior instrumentation - minimum 2 years post-revision. E-Poster #248 presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  172. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Gum JL, Tauchi R, Li Q, Kim Y-W, Kim S-W, Koester L, Blanke K. Novel radiographic parameters for the assessment of total body sagittal alignment. E-Poster presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  173. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zebala LP, Gum JL, Li Q, Kim Y-W, Koester L, Blanke K. How does surgical correction of spinal deformity affect total body sagittal alignment? E-Poster presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  174. Karikari IO, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Tauchi R, Kelly MP, Sugrue P, Bumpass DB, Lalezari R, Gum J. Comparison of severe sagittal malalignment treated with and without a three-column osteotomy. E-Poster presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  175. Karikari IO, Gum J, Sugrue P, Bumpass D, Bridwell KH. Decompression in adult lumbar deformity surgery is associated with increased perioperative complications but favorable long term outcomes. E-poster #224 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  176. Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Lenke L, Bumpass D, Sugrue P, Karikari I, Carreon LY. SRS appearance domain correlates the most with patient satisfaction after adult deformity surgery to the sacrum at 5 year follow-up. E-poster #230 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  177. Carreon LY, MD, Crawford III CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH. The minimum clinically important difference (mcid) in SRS-22R appearance, activity and pain domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal. E-poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  178. Sugrue PA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ahmad A, Gum JL, Bumpass DB, Karikari IO, O’Neill KR, Kim SD, Carreon LY. Major revision surgery as a result of pseudarthrosis or proximal junctional kyphosis is the most significant complication negatively impacting patient reported outcome scores in adult spinal deformity. E-Poster presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  179. Bumpass DB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zebala LP, Dorward IG, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Gum JL, Koester L. Do adult males have greater perioperative morbidity, more complications and inferior outcomes than females following spinal deformity surgery? E-Poster #154 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  180. Karikari IO, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sugrue P, Bumpass DB, Gum J. Comparison of severe sagittal mal-alignment treated with and without a three-column osteotomy. E-Poster #164 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  181. Carreon LY, Crawford III CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. The substantial clinical benefit threshold for SRS-22R domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Poster #P63 presented at the 30th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, IL, October 14-17, 2015
  182. Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Shaffrey CI, Edwards CC, Lurie JD, Carreon LY. HRQOL scores underestimate the impact of major complications in lumbar degenerative scoliosis surgery. Digital Poster #1281 presented at the 2016 Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, September 24-28, 2016, San Diego, California

       Societal Presentations (National Meetings)

  1. Bridwell KH, DeWald RL, Prodromas C, Rodts M. Reconstructive spine surgery as palliation for primary meta-static malignancies.  Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, NV, 1983
  2. Brown LP, Bridwell KH, Holt RT, Jennings J.  Aortic erosions and lacerations associated with the anterior spinal instrumentation.  Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Orlando, FL, September 1984
  3. Bridwell KH. Posterolateral debulking and debridement of metastatic spine tumors with posterior segmental instrumentation: limitations of the technique. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, January 1987
  4. Bridwell KH, Pruitt D, Capelli A, Schoenecker PL. Experience and complications with first 100 Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentations. Paper presented at the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, San Diego, CA, March 1987
  5. Owen JH, Shimon S, Bridwell KH, Nielsen C.  Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans.  Paper presented at the American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston, MA, June 1987
  6. Owen JH, Shimon S, Nielsen C, Bridwell KH.  The method of eliciting and recording neurogenic motor evoked potentials.  Paper presented at the American Academy of Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston, MA, June 1987
  7. Owen JH, Laschinger J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S, Nielsen C, Dunlap J.  Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans.  Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, September 1987 (Russell L. Hibbs Award for best basic science paper)
  8. Laschinger J, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S.  Direct noninvasive monitoring of the spinal cord motor function during thoracic aortic occlusion.  Use of motor evoked potentials.  Paper presented at the American Electroencephalographic Society, St. Louis, MO, September 1987
  9. Laschinger J, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S. Total spinal cord monitoring: a new technique for assessing spinal cord perfusion during thoracic aortic occlusion. Paper presented at the American Electro-encephalographic Society, St. Louis, MO, September 4, 1987
  10. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Nielsen C, Shimon S.  Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans.  American Electroencephalographic Society, St. Louis, MO, September 1987
  11. Laschinger J, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon S.  Detrimental effects of sodium nitroprusside on spinal cord motor tract perfusion during thoracic cross-clamping. Paper presented at the American Electroencephalo-graphic Society, St. Louis, MO, September 1987
  12. Shimon S, Bridwell KH, Owen JH, Oakley M, Schoenecker P. Influence of presurgical variables on somatosensory evoked potentials in humans.  Paper presented at the American Electroencephalographic Society, St. Louis, MO, September 1987
  13. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Laschinger JD, Nielsen C, Shimon S, Dunlap J. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans.  Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, GA, 1988
  14. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Pruitt DL, Schoenecker PL, Capelli A. Decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis curves. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, GA, 1988
  15. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Manske PR. The sensitivity and specificity of neurogenic-motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord ischemia, compression, and distraction in animals and humans. Paper presented at the Orthopaedic Research Society, Atlanta, GA, February 1-4, 1988
  16. Bridwell KH. The use of anterior Zielke instrumentation for flexible lumbar curves: Assessment of sagittal and coronal compensation. Paper presented at the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, Tucson, AZ, March 16-20, 1988
  17. Owen JH, Shimon S, Bridwell KH, Laschinger J. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction, ischemia in animals and humans. Paper presented at the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, Tucson, AZ, March 16-20, 1988
  18. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL. Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Paper #4 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 23rd annual meeting, Baltimore, MD, September 29-October 2, 1988
  19. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH. Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment in normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Paper #67 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 23rd annual meeting, Baltimore, MD, September 29-October 2, 1988
  20. Owen JH, Jenny AJ, Bridwell KH. Effects of spinal cord lesioning on somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 23rd annual meeting, Baltimore, MD, September 29-October 2, 1988
  21. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Naito M, Shimon S. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity, and clinical status in animals. Central Association of Electroencephalographers, Kansas City, MO, March 16-18, 1989
  22. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Relationship between duration of lost evoked potentials and clinical status in animals. Paper presented at the Central Association of Electroencephalographers, Kansas City, MO, March 16-18, 1989
  23. Bridwell KH. Complications and experience with pedicle fixation. Paper presented at the Missouri State Orthopaedic Association, Lake of the Ozarks, MO, June 1-4, 1989
  24. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley D. Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and post-operative neurological deficits in animals. Paper #22 presented at the North American Spine Society, Quebec City, Canada, June 29-July 2, 1989
  25. Bridwell KH, Betz RR. Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper #39 presented at the North American Spine Society, Quebec City, Canada, June 29-July 2, 1989
  26. Bridwell KH. Discussion: Transfeldt EE, Niznik G, Hudson A, Shichigo F, Ohshima T, Pomeranz B, “Motor and sensor spinal tract activation following epidural electrical stimulation in the cat.” Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Quebec City, Canada, June 29-July 2, 1989
  27. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli A, Huss G. Sagittal plane analysis of idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-22, 1989
  28. Neuwirth M, Bridwell KH. Coronal and sagittal balance with anterior VDS (Zielke) instrumentation for lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-22, 1989
  29. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley D, Fuhnoha BS. Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-22, 1989
  30. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Relationship between duration of lost evoked potentials and clinical status.  Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-22, 1989
  31. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Naito M, Shimon S. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity, and clinical status in animals. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 17-22, 1989
  32. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli A, Huss G, Baldus C. Sagittal plane analysis of idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, February 8, 1990
  33. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli A, Huss G, Baldus C. Sagittal plane analysis of idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Spine Specialty Day, New Orleans, LA, February 11, 1990
  34. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Capelli A, Baldus C, Blanke K. Analysis of pulmonary function and axis rotation in adolescent and young adult idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper #5 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 25th annual meeting, Honolulu, HI, September 1990
  35. Kai Y, Owen JH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. The use of sciatic-NMEPS versus spinal potentials to protect the early onset of neurologic deficits when intervention is still possible. Paper #15 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 25th annual meeting, Honolulu, HI, September 1990
  36. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Padberg AM, Shimon S. Clinical experience with neurogenic motor evoked potentials.  Paper #16 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 25th annual meeting, Honolulu, HI, September,1990
  37. Owen JH, Kai Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. The use of antidromic sensory activity to monitor multiple nerve root function simultaneously in animals: preliminary results. Paper #18 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 25th annual meeting, Honolulu, HI, September 1990
  38. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Capelli A, Blanke K. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis and ability of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation to preserve distal lumbar motion segments in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis. Paper #62 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 25th annual meeting, Honolulu, HI, September 1990
  39. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations 6th annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 1991.
  40. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Padberg A, O’Melia RM, Shimon S, Linn E. Clinical experience with neurogenic motor evoked potentials in humans. Paper #30 presented at the North American Spine Society, Keystone, CO, August 1991
  41. Sedgewick T, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with associated spinal stenosis: the need for transverse process fusion with and without fixation coupled with decompression. Paper #39 presented at the North American Spine Society, Keystone, CO, August 1991
  42. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with minimum two-year follow-up. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Keystone, CO, August 1991
  43. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz R, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of in-situ fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  44. Sedgewick T, Bridwell KH, Lenke L, Baldus C. Surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with associated spinal stenosis: the need for transverse process fusion with and without fixation coupled with decompression. Paper #22 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  45. Konrad PE, Owen JH, Bridwell KH. Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: significance of coil position and presence of bone. Paper #32 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  46. Owen JH, Padberg AM, O’Meilia RM, Bridwell KH, Linn EJ, Ueta T. A comparison of myogenic-and neurogenic-motor evoked potentials elicited from humans during surgery for spinal deformity. Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  47. Siegel MJ, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Cummings RJ, Moynahan M, Baldus C, Clements DH. A critical analysis comparing Zielke instrumentation alone, Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation alone, and a combination of the two for the treatment of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #47  presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  48. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Preventing decompensation in King type II and III curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation:  24 to 64 month follow‑up. Paper #59 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 26th annual meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 1991 (Best Research Paper Award)
  49. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Achieving coronal balance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation. Paper presented at the Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, VIII International Congress, Minneapolis, MN, September 1991
  50. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Minimum 2 year follow-up. Paper #259 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Washington, DC, February 1992
  51. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C  Decompensation in King type II and III curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper #9 presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Specialty Day, Washington, DC, February 1992
  52. Owen JH, Padberg AM, O’Melia RM, Bridwell KH. A comparison of myogenic and neurogenic motor evoked potentials elicited from humans during surgery for spinal deformity. Paper #13 presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Washington, DC, February 1992
  53. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of in-situ fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper #14 presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Washington, DC, February 1992
  54. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with minimum 2 year follow-up. Paper #34 presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Washington, DC, February, 1992
  55. Owen JH, O’Melia RM, Kai Y, Padberg AM, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Electrophysiologic mapping of segmental anatomy of dermatomes in the upper and lower extremities following nerve root lesioning in monkeys. Paper #32 presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Washington, DC, February 1992
  56. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marushack M. The surgical treatment of lumbar hemivertebra. Paper presented at the Missouri State Orthopaedic Association annual meeting, Lake of the Ozarks, MO, June 1992. Best Resident/ Fellow Paper Presentation
  57. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Jaffe AS. Effects of spinal surgery on creatine kinase MB levels:  Possible confusion with diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction. Paper #131 presented at the North American Spine Society, Boston, MA, July 1992
  58. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Saving distal lumbar fusion levels with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 1993
  59. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in “large” adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves (70º to 140º): is it warranted? Paper #9 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 28th annual meeting, Dublin, Ireland, September 1993
  60. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg A. SSEP monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery: a prospective study. Paper #40 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 28th annual meeting, Dublin, Ireland, September 1993
  61. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. The use of fresh frozen allograft for posterior spinal fusions in neuromuscular scoliosis: does it work? Paper #74 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 28th annual meeting, Dublin, Ireland, September 1993
  62. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.  aper #84 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 28th annual meeting, Dublin, Ireland, September 1993
  63. Joyce ME, O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Lou J, Bridwell KH. Astrocyte response and transforming growth factor-B localization in acute spinal cord injury. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 8th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, October 1993. Research Grant Winner
  64. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in “large” adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 8th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, October 1993
  65. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. Fresh frozen allograft for posterior spinal fusions in neuromuscular scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 8th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, October 1993
  66. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Recognition of proximal thoracic curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 8th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, October 1993
  67. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: an immunohisto-chemical investigation. Paper presented at the Cervical Spine Research Society, New York, NY, December 1993
  68. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. The use of fresh frozen allograft for posterior spinal fusions in paralytic scoliosis: does it work? Paper #442 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, February 24-March 1, 1994
  69. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in “large” adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves: is it warranted? Paper #444 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, February 24-March 1, 1994
  70. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Paper #455 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, February 24-March 1, 1994
  71. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg A. SSEP monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery: a prospective study. Paper #464 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, February 24-March 1, 1994
  72. Bridwell KH. Normal sagittal alignment. Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Spine Specialty Day, New Orleans, LA, February 27, 1994
  73. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury:  An immuno-histochemical investigation. Paper #1 presented at the American Spinal Injury Association, Philadelphia, PA, April 25-27, 1994
  74. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg A. Evoked potential monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery. Paper #6 presented at the American Spinal Injury Association, Philadelphia, PA, April 25-27, 1994
  75. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: an immuno-histochemical investigation. Paper presented at the 11th annual meeting of Group International Cotrel-Dubousset, Marseilles, France, May 1994
  76. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. Posterior spinal fusion supplemented with only allograft bone in paralytic scoliosis:  Does it work? Paper presented at the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, Carlsbad, CA, May 11-15, 1994
  77. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, McEnery KW. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers (age 39 to 82): what is normal? Paper #3 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 29th annual meeting, Portland, OR, September 21-24, 1994
  78. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine: do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult deformity patients? Paper #7 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 29th annual meeting, Portland, OR, September 21-24, 1994
  79. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes following thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #25 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 29th annual meeting, Portland, OR, September 21-24, 1994
  80. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Prospective analysis of nutritional status normalization following spinal surgery:  Risk factors for delayed return to baseline. Paper #27 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 29th annual meeting, Portland, OR, September 21-24, 1994
  81. Lenke LG, Padberg AM, Russo MH, Bridwell KH, Gelb DE. Triggered EMG stimulation threshold for accuracy of pedicle screw placement: an animal model and clinical correlation. Paper #64 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 29th annual meeting, Portland, OR, September 21-24, 1994
  82. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: an immuno-histochemical investigation. North American Spine Society, Minneapolis, MN, October 19-22, 1994
  83. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function following thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Minneapolis, MN, October 19-22, 1994
  84. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Validity of spinal cord monitoring in neuromuscular spinal deformity surgery. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Minneapolis, MN, October 19-22, 1994
  85. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Anterior structural thoracic/lumbar allografts: do they work combined with PSF/PSSI? Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Minneapolis, MN, October 19-22, 1994
  86. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes following thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Orlando, FL, February 16-21, 1995
  87. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine: do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult deformity patients? Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Orlando, FL, February 16-21, 1995
  88. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: an immunohisto-chemical investigation.  Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Orlando, FL, February 21, 1995
  89. Padberg AM, Komanetsky RM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials:  A prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Paper presented at the American Society of Neurophysiologic Monitoring, San Francisco, CA, May 18-20, 1995
  90. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation. 5-10 years experience. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society European Traveling Fellowship, University of Malmo Hospital, Malmo, Sweden, May 16, 1995, University of Verona Hospital, Verona, Italy, May 22, 1995, St. Vincent DePaul Hospital, Paris, France, May 25, 1995
  91. Lenke LG, Padberg AM, Russo MH, Bridwell KH. Electromyographic threshold stimulation for accuracy of lumbar pedicle screw placement.  An animal model and clinical correlation. Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society European Traveling Fellowship, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, England, May 11, 1995
  92. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL. Results of three treatment methods for idiopathic thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation? Paper presented at the Scoliosis Research Society European Traveling Fellowship, Langensteinbach, Germany, May 19, 1995
  93. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Assignment of risk factors for transition syndrome: an analysis of patients who have broken down above or below a solid fusion. Paper #9 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 30th annual meeting, Asheville, NC, September 13-17, 1995
  94. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke K. Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient. Assessing the risk for crankshaft. Is an open triradiate cartilage the answer? Paper #10 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 30th annual meeting, Asheville, NC, September 13-17, 1995
  95. Padberg AM, Komanetsky RM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials: a prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Paper #38 Scoliosis Research Society 30th annual meeting, Asheville, NC, September 13-17, 1995
  96. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Weston J. Radiographic and clinical assessment of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): 5 to 10 year follow-up. Paper #48 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 30th annual meeting, Asheville, NC, September 13-17, 1995
  97. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke K, Baldus C. The use of pedicle screw fixation to improve correction in the lumbar spine of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Is it warranted? Paper #79 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 30th annual meeting, Asheville, NC, September 13-17, 1995
  98. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Risk factors for transition syndromes above or below solid fusions. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  99. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation anteriorly? Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  100. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke K. Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient.  Assessing crankshaft risk. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  101. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke K, Baldus C. Lumbar pedicle screws to improve correction in idiopathic scoliosis patients. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  102. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Weston J. 5-10 year follow-up of CD instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  103. Lou J, Lenke LG, Xu F, Bridwell KH. In-vivo bcl-2 oncogene neuronal expression in the rat spinal cord. Paper #37 presented at the Cervical Spine Research Society, Sante Fe, NM, November 30-December 2, 1995
  104. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Assignment of risk factors for transition syndrome: an analysis of patients who have broken down above or below a solid fusion. Paper #51 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, GA, February 22-26, 1996
  105. Bridwell KH, Chapman MP. Transition syndromes. Paper #4 Scoliosis Research Society Session I: Complications of spinal reconstructive and deformity surgery. Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Specialty Day, Atlanta, GA, February 25, 1996
  106. Padberg AM, Komanetsky R, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo M. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials: a prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Paper #14 presented at the American Spinal Injury Association, Specialty Day, Seattle, WA, April 1996
  107. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL. Classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method - Is it reliable? Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  108. Marsicano J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Gupta P, Weston J. The lordosing effect of the OSI (Jackson) frame on thoracic and thoracolumbar as well as lumbar sagittal alignment in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #6 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  109. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney J, Bridwell KH. Comparison of standing sagittal spinal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents versus adults. Paper #14 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  110. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Marsicano J. Evaluation of neurogenic claudication and functional outcome of treatment using the treadmill-bicycle test. Paper #19 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  111. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients-Incidence and etiology at one institution. Paper #65 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  112. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: is a screening MRI necessary? Paper #70 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 31st annual meeting, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  113. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Kunsemiller J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Is intraoperative dermatomal somatosensory monitoring during spinal surgery useful? Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  114. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K. Is MRI necessary in infantile and juvenile patients with scoliosis? Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  115. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Marsicano J. Evaluation/functional outcome of neurogenic claudication using treadmill-bicycle testing. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  116. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL. Reliability of classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  117. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney J, Bridwell KH. Comparison of standing sagittal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents versus adults. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  118. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  119. Gupta P, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: is a screening MRI necessary? Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  120. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients-Incidence and etiology at one institution. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  121. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe T, Shufflebarger HL. Classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method - Is it reliable? Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  122. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Chapman M, Marsicano J. Evaluation/functional outcome of neurogenic claudication using treadmill-bicycle testing. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  123. Brown CA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasan SA, Blanke K. Pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws: Short and long term complications. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  124. Gupta P, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Marsicano J, Baldus C., Blanke K. Evaluation and treatment of flatback deformity. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, CA, February 13-17, 1997
  125. Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Russo M, Komanetsky R, Bridwell KH. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials: a prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Presentation #14 presented at the Specialty Day, Federation of Spine Associations - American Spinal Injury Association Section II, San Francisco, CA, February 16, 1997
  126. Bridwell KH. Degenerative and post-laminectomy spondylolisthesis. Presentation #28 presented at the Specialty Day, Federation of Spine Associations - Scoliosis Research Society Section III, San Francisco, CA, February 16, 1997
  127. Lou J, Lenke LG, Xu F, Bridwell KH. In-vivo Bcl-2 oncogene neurolan expression in the rat spinal cord.  Presentation #33 presented at the Specialty Day, Federation of Spine Associations - Cervical Spine Research Society Section IV, San Francisco, CA, February 16, 1997
  128. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients -- Incidence and etiology at one institution. Paper #5 presented at the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, Scottsdale, AZ, April 30-May 4, 1997
  129. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients -- Incidence and etiology at one institution. Paper #30 presented at the The American Orthopaedic Association, Boca Raton, FL, June 11-14, 1997
  130. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Bridwell KH. Spontaneous lumbar curve response following selective anterior versus posterior thoracic fusion. Paper presented at the International Meeting of Advanced Spinal Technique (IMAST), Bermuda, July 1997
  131. Brown CA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasan SA, Blanke K. Pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws: Short and long term complications. Paper presented at the Southern Orthopaedic Association 14th annual meeting, Pebble Beach, CA, July 1997
  132. Bridwell KH. Neurologic deficits in spinal deformity surgery. Paper presented at the InterUrban Orthopaedic Society, Montreal, Canada, September 18-21, 1997
  133. Lenke L, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell K, Clements D, Lowe T. A new and reliable 3-dimensional classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #4 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 32nd annual meeting, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  134. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Haas J, Linville D, Bridwell KH.  A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliotics relative to surgical approach for spinal fusion.  Paper #8 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 32nd annual meeting, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997 (Hibbs Award nominee; 2nd place)
  135. Padberg AM, Wilson-Holden TJ, Lenke LG, Russo MH, Bridwell KH. Somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring without a wake-up test during idiopathic scoliosis surgery: an accepted standard of care? Paper #13 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 32nd annual meeting, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  136. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam R, Leicht P. Complications in the adult spinal deformity patient having combined surgery: does “revision” increase the risk? Paper #18 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 32nd annual meeting, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  137. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Lenke LG, Blanke K. Patient/parent satisfaction with results of surgical treatment of spinal deformities in patients with progressive flaccid neuromuscular (spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy) disorders. Paper #64 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 32nd annual meeting, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997
  138. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Iffrig TM, Lenke LG, Blanke K. Patient/parent satisfaction with results of surgical treatment of spinal deformities in patients with progressive flaccid neuromuscular (spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy) disorders. Paper presented at the 20th Century Orthopaedic Association, Ponte Vedra, FL, October 1-5, 1997
  139. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Lenke LG, Blanke K. Patient/parent satisfaction with surgical treatment of flaccid neuromuscular spinal deformities. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, New York, NY, October 22-25, 1997
  140. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Bridwell KH. Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective fusion in idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, New York, NY, October 22-25, 1997
  141. Lenke L, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell K, Clements D, Lowe T. Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #8 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  142. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. Paper #13 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  143. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD. Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: a comparison of 3 surgical approaches. Paper #23 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998. Russell Hibbs Award nominee
  144. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG. Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression & instrumented posterior fusion. Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998. Russell Hibbs Award nominee
  145. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K. Maintaining lumbar lordosis with anterior convex compressive spinal instrumentation. Paper #31 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  146. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Paper #61 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998. Russell Hibbs Award nominee
  147. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Booth KC, Lenke LG. MR versus CT-myelography:  surgical decision making for lumbar stenosis. Paper #67 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  148. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Larson BJ, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Paper #74 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 33rd annual meeting, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  149. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Booth KC, Lenke LG. MR versus CT-myelography:  Surgical decision making for lumbar stenosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  150. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG.  Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion.  Paper presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  151. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  152. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Larson BJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  153. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Lauryssen C, Lofgren S. Surgical planning for cervical spondylotic disease: are MR and myelo-CT both necessary?  aper presented at the Cervical Spine Research Society, Atlanta, GA, December 3-5, 1998
  154. Hillibrand AS, Riew KD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Variability in surgical decision-making for lumbar stenosis. Paper #4 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  155. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG. Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. Paper #41 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  156. Lenke L, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell K. Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #105 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  157. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Larson BJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology. Paper #106 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  158. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD. Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: a comparison of 3 surgical approaches. Paper #110 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  159. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Paper #158 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  160. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. Paper #217 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  161. Bridwell KH. Posttraumatic kyphosis: anterior and combined techniques. Paper presented at Specialty Day, Federation of Spine Associations - Scoliosis Research Society Section I, Anaheim, CA, February 7, 1999
  162. Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD. Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis: a comparison of 3 surgical approaches. Paper #20 presented at The American Orthopaedic Association, Sun Valley, ID, June 5-8, 1999
  163. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J. Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis:  A prospective preoperative analysis. Paper #2 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  164. Wilson-Holden TJ, Bassett GS, Parkinson JD, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. A prospective comparison of neurogenic mixed evoked potential stimulation methods: utility of epidural elicitation during posterior spinal surgery. Paper #11 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  165. Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Kong Y. Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anterior thoracic spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  166. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bassett GS, Bridwell KH, Whorton J. Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  167. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Goette K, Lauryssen C. Nerve root injections prevent surgery for lumbar radicular pain. Paper #65 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  168. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Analysis of titanium mesh (Harms) cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up. Paper #69 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  169. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and results (minimum 2-year follow-up) of long adult deformity fusions to L4, L5 and the sacrum. Paper #86 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 34th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  170. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Goette K, Lauryssen C. Can nerve root injections obviate the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain? A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999. NASS 1999 Outstanding Paper Award
  171. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell K H, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and results of long adult deformity fusions to L4, L5 and the sacrum. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  172. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Analysis of titanium mesh (Harms) cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  173. Hilibrand AS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD. Variability in surgical decision-making for lumbar spinal stenosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  174. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS, Whorton J. Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  175. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Wang J, Kang J, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Sweet F. Plain radiographic assessment of anterior cervical fusion. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  176. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J. Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: a prospective preoperative analysis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  177. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K, Iffrig TM. Prospective randomization of parenteral hyperalimentation for long fusions with spinal deformity. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  178. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J. Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: a prospective preoperative analysis.  Paper presented at the 20th Century Orthopaedic Association, Kona, Hawaii, October 27-30, 1999
  179. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Linville DA, Eck KR, Ungacta FF.  Outcomes in adult spinal deformity patients:  A comparison of primary to revision patients.  Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, FL, March 15-19, 2000
  180. Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Raynor BL, Long J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Padberg AM. Triggered electromyographic threshold for accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement in a porcine model. Paper #10 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  181. Padberg AM, Parkinson JD, Bridwell KH, Wilson-Holden TJ, Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Riew KD. Warning criteria for intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring data: Experience with 3783 cases. Paper #11 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000. SRS Hibbs Award nominee
  182. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Baldus C, Blanke K, Lenke LG. Minimum two-year analysis of sacropelvic fixation and L5/S1 fusion utilizing S1 and iliac screws. Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  183. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Blanke K, Whorton J, Bridwell KH. Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications of single solid rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #37 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  184. Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lewis SJ, Sweet FA, Lenke LG. String test measurement to assess the effect of spinal deformity correction on spinal canal length. Paper #56 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  185. Lewis SJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. The results and complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomies for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper #74 S presented at the coliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000 (SRS Hibbs Award nominee)
  186. Bridwell KH, Reitenbach AK, Uhrich ML, Lenke LG, Engsberg JR. Preop gait comparisons between adult lumbar scoliotics and those with able bodies. Paper #82 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 35th annual meeting, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, October 18-21, 2000
  187. Lewis SJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Pedicle subtraction osteotomies: results/complications in treating fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper North American Spine Society annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 25-28, 2000
  188. Lewis SJ, Riew KD, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Sethi NS. Observer variability in the radiographic interpretation of fusion masses.  Paper presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 25-28, 2000
  189. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Baldus C, Blanke K, Lenke LG. Minimum two-year analysis of sacropelvic fixation and L5/S1 fusion utilizing S1 and iliac screws. Paper presented at the Society of Military Orthopaedic surgeons (SOMOS) 42nd annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, December 14, 2000
  190. Lewis SJ, Riew KD, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Sethi NS. Observer variability in the radiographic interpretation of fusion masses. Paper presented at the Canadian Orthopaedic Association, London, Ontario, Canada, June 3, 2001
  191. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Lenke L, Rhee JM. Correlation of pelvic incidence with low and high-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  192. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Rhee JM, Lenke LG. Dowel fibular strut grafts for high-grade dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper #4 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  193. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Kim Y, Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Padberg AM. Can triggered EMG thresholds accurately predict thoracic pedicle screw placement? Paper #9 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  194. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Morcuende J, Weinstein SL, Bridwell KH, Sponseller PD. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis: is a screening MRI necessary? Paper #10 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  195. Cunningham BW, Bridwell KH, Lewis S, Long J, Dmitriev AE, Linville D. Biomechanical analysis of lumbo-sacral reconstruction techniques for spondylolisthesis. Paper #20 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  196. Bridwell KH, Hanson DS, Rhee JM, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Correction of thoracic idiopathic adolescent scoliosis with segmental hooks, rods, Wisconsin wires posteriorly. It’s bad and obsolete, correct?  Paper #33 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  197. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Graham EJ, Won DS, Sweet FA, Blanke KM, Bridwell KH. Correlation of radiographic, clinical and patient assessment of shoulder balance following fusion versus non-fusion of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  198. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Won DS, Lenke LG, Chotigavanichaya C, Hanson DS. Sagittal plane analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the effect of anterior vs. posterior instrumentation. Paper #39 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  199. Engsberg JR, Lenke LG, Hollander KW, Reitenbach AK, Bridwell KH. Trunk motion in adolescents undergoing scoliosis spinal fusion. Paper #54 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  200. Bridwell KH, Wagner JM, Uhrich ML, Lenke LG, Engsberg JR. Gait changes as the result of deformity reconstruction surgery in adult female lumbar scoliotics. Paper #62 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  201. White DK, Lenke LG, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR. Can idiopathic scoliosis fusion improve aerobic efficiency during exercise? Paper #70 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 36th annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, September 19-22, 2001
  202. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Rhee JM, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Dowel fibular strut grafts for high-grade dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society, Seattle, WA, October 31-November 3, 2001
  203. Hanson DS, Bridwell KH, Rhee JM, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Dowel fibular strut grafts for high-grade dysplastic isthmic spondylolisthesis. Paper #84 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  204. Bridwell KH, Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. The results and complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper #215 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  205. Padberg A, Wilson-Holden T, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Raynor B, Riew KD. Warning criteria for intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring data: experience with 3783 cases. Paper #216 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  206. Hanson D, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD. Variability in surgical management of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Paper #282 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  207. Yukawa Y, Lenke LG, Tenhula J, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Blanke K. A prospective and comprehensive outcome study of surgically treated lumbar spinal senosis with neurogenic claudication. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  208. Lenke LG, Engsberg J, Hollander KW, Reitenbach AK, Bridwell KH. Trunk motion in adolescents undergoing scoliosis spinal fusion. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  209. Dobbs M, Lenke LG, Morcuende JA, Wesintein J, Bridwell KH, Sponseller P. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis – is screening MRI necessary? Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  210. Rhee J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hanson D. The results and complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomies for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Dallas, TX, February 13-17, 2002
  211. Bridwell KH. Lumbosacral fixation. Paper presented at the Federation of Spine Associations, Dallas, TX, February 16, 2002
  212. Bridwell KH. Pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance: problems with getting a solid fusion in older patients. Paper presented at the 20th Century Orthopaedic Society, Kohler, WI, August 7-11, 2002
  213. Rhee JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K, Berra A. Staged posterior surgery for severe adult deformity. Paper #22 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  214. Edwards C, Bridwell K, Patel A, Rinella A, Della Rocca GJ, Berra A, Lenke L. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adult scoliotics: the fate of the L5-S1 disk: Is it protected by a deep-seated L5? Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  215. Rinella A, Bridwell K, Kim Y, Rudzki J, Edwards C, Roh M, Lenke L. Late complications of adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions to L4 and above - the effect of age and distal fusion level. Paper #25 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  216. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Steger-May K. Can we predict the ultimate lumbar curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing a selective thoracic fusion? Paper #49 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  217. Edwards C, Lenke L, Peelle M, Sides B, Rinella A, Bridwell K. Time dependent response of the unfused lumbar curve after selective thoracic fusion for AIS: 2 -16 year radiographic and clinical follow-up. Paper #50 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  218. Rinella A, Lenke L, Peelle M, Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Sides B. Comparison of SRS questionnaire results submitted by both parents and patients in the operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #53 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  219. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho YS, Bridwell KH, Riew KDI. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: Is it safe? Paper #62 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  220. Bridwell K, Lewis S, Edwards C, Lenke L, Berra A, Berra A, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications (pseud-arthrosis, neurologic deficit) of pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper #69 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  221. Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Karpitskaya Y, Lauryssen C, Cha C, Heller J, Riew KD. Accurate identification of complications after spine surgery: surgeon’s records vs. patient reported outcome questionnaire. Paper #73 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  222. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim KN, Sides B, Whorton J, Blanke K. Prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach: minimum 5 year follow up. Paper #77 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  223. Cole J, Murray D, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Bassett G. Use of Amicar vs. aprotinin during pediatric spinal deformity surgery:  Can they help decrease blood loss? Paper #81 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 37th annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 19-21, 2002
  224. Edwards C, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Sides B, Rinella A, Bridwell KH. Time dependent response of the unfused lumbar curve after selective thoracic fusion for AIS: 2-16 year radiographic and clinical follow-up. Paper #042 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  225. Edwards C II, Bridwell K, Patel A, Rinella T, Kim Y, Berra A, Lenke L. Long adult deformity fusions to L5 and the sacrum:  Risk factors for adverse outcomes. Paper #043 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  226. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim KY, Sides B, Whorton J, Blanke K. Prospective evaluation of pulmonary function test in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach: minimum 5 year follow up. Paper #045 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  227. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Steger-May K. Can we predict the ultimate lumbar cuve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing a selective thoracic fusion? Paper #048, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  228. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Cho YS, Bridwell KH, Riew KDI. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine. Paper #182 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  229. Edwards C II, Bridwell K, Patel A, Rinella A, Della Roca G, Berra A, Lenke L. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adults:  the fate of the L5-S1 disk. Paper #183 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 70th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 5-9, 2003
  230. Edwards C, Lenke L, Peelle M, Sides B, Rinella A, Bridwell KH. Time dependent response of the unfused lumbar curve after selective thoracic fusion for AIS: 2-16 year radiographic and clinical follow-up. Paper presented at Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Amelia Island, FL, May 4, 2003
  231. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Kim K, Sides B, Whorton J, Blanke K. Prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical approach: minimum 5 year follow up. Paper presented at Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Amelia Island, FL, May 4, 2003
  232. Lenke LG, Yong SH, Yanfeng W, Yong T, Bridwell KH. Reliability of radiographic measurements in operative AIS performed by members of the SRS working group on 3D spinal classification: interobserver and intra-observer reliability of the SRS classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  233. Horton WC, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Brown CW, Suk SI. Is there an optimal patient stance for obtaining a lateral 36” x-ray? A comparison of three techniques. Paper #2 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  234. Rinella AS, Lenke LG, Whitaker C, Kim Y, Park SS, Peelle M, Bridwell KH. Perioperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis and kyphosis. Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  235. Bridwell KH, Cats-Baril W, Berven S, Glassman S, Farcy JP, Horton W, Lenke LG, Radake T. The validity of the SRS-22 instrument in an adult spinal deformity population compared to the Oswestry and SF-12. Paper #42 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  236. Glattes RC, Lenke LG, Rinella A, Edwards II C, Bridwell KH. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion: incidence, outcomes and risk factors analysis. Paper #46 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  237. Edwards II CC, Bridwell KH, Patel A, Rinella A, Berra A, Lenke LG. Long adult deformity fusions: is it better to stop at L5 or the sacrum? Paper #48 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  238. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Rinella A. Pseudarthrosis in adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions. Paper #49 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  239. Orchowski JR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Neurological deficit from a purely vascular etiology after unilateral vessel ligation of segmental arteries during anterior thoracolumbar fusion of the spine. Paper #61 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  240. Sefter JC, Cunningham B, Dmitriev A, Hu N, Kim SW, Bridwell KH, McAfee PC. Biomechanical comparison of iliac screws versus femoral ring allograft on sacral screw strain. Paper #76 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  241. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a matched cohort analysis. Paper #81 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  242. Lenke LG, Engsberg JR, Bridwell KH, Uhrich M, Ross S. Prospective evaluation of gait and trunk range of motion (rom) following anterior or posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Paper #86 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  243. Lenke LG, Blanke K, Sides B, Steger-May K, Bridwell KH, Satake K, Kim Y. Can we predict postoperative disc wedging below anterior instrumented thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis fusions? Paper #88 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 38th annual meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, September 10-13, 2003
  244. Glassman SD, Horton WC, Bridwell KH, Berven S. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis. Paper #123 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 71st annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 10-14, 2004
  245. Glattes RC, Bridwell KH, Rinella A, Edwards C, Lenke L. An analysis of proximal junctional kyphosis after posterior spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity. Paper #126 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 71st annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 10-14, 2004
  246. Spencer UM, Padberg AM, Raynor B, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Lumbar root deficits undetected by monitoring for complex spinal surgeries:  a ten-year experience. Paper #127 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 71st annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 10-14, 2004
  247. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Rinella A. Pseudarthrosis in adult idiopathic scoliosis primary fusions. Paper #254 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 71st annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 10-14, 2004
  248. Peelle MW, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Patel AA. Iliac screw versus Galveston rod pelvic fixation techniques in neuromuscular spinal deformity. Paper #99 presented at the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association 22nd Annual Meeting, La Quinta, CA, April 14-18, 2004
  249. Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH. Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, April 28-May 1, 2004
  250. Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH. Can we predict postoperative disc wedging below anterior instrumented thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis fusion. Paper presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, April 27-May 1, 2004
  251. Schwab F, Farcy J, Berven S, Bridwell K, Ferguson M, Glassman S, Harrast J, Horton W. Deformity apex, lordosis, olisthesis in adult thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis: correlation with disability. A multi-center radiograhpic and health status analysis. Paper #550 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  252. Suk S, Lee S, Chung E, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Comparison of rigid and semi-rigid rods with segmental pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Paper #611 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  253. Cho K, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Kamiya M, Sides B. Selection of the optimal distal fusion level in posterior instrumentation and fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis: the sagittal stable vertebra concept. Paper #805 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  254. Cheng I, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Hurford Jr. R, Lee S, Chen R. Use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for anterior and posterior adult spinal deformity fusion. Paper #826 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  255. Takeshita K, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Kim Y, Sides B, Hensley M. Analysis of non-ambulatory neuromuscular scoliosis patients surgically treated to the pelvis with intraoperative halo-femoral traction. Paper #843 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  256. Horton W, Bridwell K, Glassman S, Berven S, Hu S, Schwab F, DeWald C, Kostuik J. The morbidity of anterior exposure for spinal deformity in adults: an analysis of patient-based outcomes and complications in 61 consecutive cases. Paper #992 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  257. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cheh G. Bilateral apical vertebral derotational pedicle screw instrumentation in the posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison with pedicle screw translational technqiues. Paper #1003 presented at the 11th IMAST annual meeting, Southampton, Bermuda, July 1-3, 2004
  258. Luhmann S, Lenke L, Kim Yongjung, Bridwell K, Schootman M. Thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves between 70 and 100 degrees: is anterior release necessary? Paper #2 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  259. Cheng I, Kim Y, Gupta M, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Hurford Jr. R, Lee S. Apical sublaminar wires versus pedicle screws–which provides better results for surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Paper #3 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  260. Cho K, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Berra A, Baldus C. Comparison of Smith-Petersen osteotomies versus pedicle subtraction osteotomies for the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance (71 patients with minimum 2-year followup) Paper #18 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  261. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cho K. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusions: Risk factor and clinical outcome analysis of 228 cases. Paper #20 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  262. Tsuchiya K, Bridwell K, Kuklo T, Lenke L, Baldus C. Minimum 5-year analysis of L5-S1 fusion using sacropelvic fixation (bilateral S1 and iliac screws) for spinal deformity. Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  263. Schwab F, Farcy J, Bridwell K, Berven S, Glassman S, Horton W, Harrast J, Ferguson M. Deformity apex, thoracolumbar alignment, but not Cobb angle, determine disability in adult major thoracic scoliosis:  A multi-center radiographic and health status analysis. Paper #23 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  264. Glassman S, Bridwell K, Berven S, Horton W. Schwab F. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  265. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim J, Cho S. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5 years follow up. Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  266. Riew KD, Cho Y, Yin Y, Park J, Gilula L, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Taylor B. Effect of nerve root injections on need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain, 5-year follow-up. Paper #52 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  267. Thuet E, Padberg AM, Raynor B, Bridwell K, Riew KD, Taylor B. Increased risk of postoperative neurologic deficit for spinal surgery patients with unobtainable intraoperative evoked potential data. Paper #68 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  268. Peelle MW, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Sides B. Comparison of Galveston rod vs iliac screw pelvic fixation techniques in neuromuscular spinal deformity correction. Paper #70 Scoliosis Research Society 39th annual meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, September 5-7, 2004
  269. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim J, Cho SK. Comparison of pedicle screw versus hybrid instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #289 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  270. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim J, Cho SK. Proximal junctional kyphosis in 328 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after posterior spinal fusion. Paper #292 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  271. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rinella AS, Edwards II CC, Cho K. Pseudarthrosis in 228 long adult spinal deformity segmental instrumented fusions. Paper #298 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  272. Lee S, Lenke LG, Peelle M, Okubadejo G, Cheng I, Hurford R, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Stobbs G.  reserving the degenerated L5-S1 segment in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery in older patients. Paper #187 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  273. Cho K, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Berra A, Baldus C. Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance. Paper #190 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  274. Riew KD, Cho Y, Yin Y, Park J, Gilula L, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Taylor B. Effect nerve root injection on need for operative treatment lumbar radicular pain: 5 year follow-up. Paper #184 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 72nd annual meeting, Washington, DC, February 23-27, 2005
  275. Peelle MW, Dobbs MD, Lee S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Outcome analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves greater than 90 degrees. Paper #79 presented at the Mid-America Orthopaedic Association 23rd Annual Meeting, Amelia Island, FL, April 20-24, 2005
  276. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Schootman M. Cost analysis of circumferential fusion versus posterior fusion-only with thoracic pedicle screw constructs of 70-100 degree idiopathic thoracic curves. Paper #37 presented at the 12th International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  277. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Potter BK, Polly Jr. DW, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Surgical revision rate of hooks versus hybrid versus pedicle screw constructs for AIS. Paper #40 presented at the 12th International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  278. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B. Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumentation for the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Paper #81 presented at the 12th International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  279. Braun J, Bridwell KH, Dimar JR, Dobbs M, Glassman S, Hedequist D, Hresko MT, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, McCarthy R, Polly DW, Richards BS, Sanders J, Sarwark J, Sponseller P, Sucato D, Weinstein S. Reliability analysis of end, neutral, stable and lowest instrumented vertebrae selection in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  surgeon versus digital software determination. Paper #46 presented at the 12th International Meeting of Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 7-9, 2005
  280. Yang J-Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Stobbs G. The impact of the lumbar spine modifier and thoracic sagittal profile on the main thoracic component of a Lenke type I scoliosis. Paper #5A presented at the SRS-Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  281. Kim Y-J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Thoracic kyphosis progression following long lumbar fusion from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1. Paper #21A presented at the SRS-Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  282. Yang J-Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD. The association of hip arthroplasty in adjacent segment degeneration after fusion of degenerative spinal disorder-a case control study. Paper #27A presented at the SRS-Asia Pacific Spine Congress, Jeju Island, Korea, August 25-27, 2005
  283. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G. Bilateral apical vertebral derotational pedicle screw instrumentation in the posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison with translational instrumentation technique. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  284. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ. Decompression only vs. decompression and limited fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 20th annual meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  285. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Peelle MW, Okubadejo G, Cheng I, Hurford Jr. RK, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Stobbs G.  Preserving the degenerated L5-S1 segment in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery in an older patient population: is it possible? Paper North American Spine Society 20th annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, September 27-October 1, 2005
  286. Kim YJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cheh G, Cho SK, Ramo B, Yoon J. Sagittal plane analysis following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation. Paper #7 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  287. Dobbs MB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Comparison of combined anterior/posterior spinal fusion versus posterior fusion alone for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic curves greater than 90 degrees. Paper #8 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  288. Schwab FJ, Farcy P, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Glassman SD, Harrast J, Horton WC. A clinical impact classification of scoliosis in the adult:  a multi-center clinical and radiographic analysis. Paper #12 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  289. Schwab FJ, Farcy P, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Glassman SD, Harrast J, Horton WC. Intervertebral subluxation, lumbar lordosis but not Cobb angle, correlate with surgical rates in adult thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis: a multi-center analysis. Paper #13 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  290. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. When fusing from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1, how much lordosis is ideal? Paper #17 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  291. Horton WC, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Hu SS, Berven SH, Schwab FJ, Kostuik JP, Neuwirth MG. The morbidity of anterior exposure for spinal deformity in adults: an analysis of patient-based outcomes and comlications in 112 consecutive cases. Paper #32 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  292. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation (STD) following adult lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, incidence and risk factor analysis. Paper #33 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  293. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G. Pseudarthosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusions to the sacrum: incidence and risk factor analysis of 149 cases. Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  294. Glassman SD, Berven SH, Kostuik JP, Dimar II JR, Horton W, Bridwell KH. Nonsurgical resource utilization in adult spinal deformity. Paper #48 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  295. Takeshita K, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Kim YJ, Sides B, Hensley M. Analysis of non-ambulatory neuromuscular scoliosis patients surgically treated to the pelvis with intraoperative halo-femoral traction. Paper #66 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  296. Kim YJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cheh G, Sides B. Prospective pulmonary function comparison following posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: is there a relationship between main thoracic curve correction and PFT improvement? Paper #70 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  297. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B. Prospecitve pulmonary function comparison of anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: thoracotomy vs thoracoabdominal approach. Paper #73 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  298. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Valente L, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Blanke KM. Comparison of Scheuermann’s kyphosis correction by posterior only thoracic pedicle screw fixation vs. combined anterior/posterior fusion.  Paper #75 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  299. Raynor BL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Taylor BA, Padberg AM. Correlation between low triggered EMG thresholds & lumbar pedicle scre malposition: analysis of 4587 screws. Paper #83 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  300. Hurford Jr. RK, Lenke LG, Lee SS, Cheng I, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes of dual rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison with single rod constructs. Paper #89 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  301. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Steger-May K, Hensley M. Wasting of preoperatively donated autologous blood in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #94 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 40th annual meeting, Miami, FL, October 27-30, 2005
  302. Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Potter B, Polly Jr. DW, Schroeder TM. Surgical revision rate of hooks versus hybrid versus pedicle screws in AIS. Paper #338 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd annual meeting, Chicago, IL, March 8-12, 2006
  303. Lee SS, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Valente L, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Blanke K. Posterior only pedicle screw fusion vs. anterior/posterior hybrid fusion in Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Paper #341 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 73rd annual meeting, Chicago, IL, March 8-12, 2006
  304. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Daubs MD, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Avoiding screw fixation failure during osteotomy closure with the use of a central hook/rod construct. Paper #51 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  305. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Does correction of preoperative coronal imbalance make a difference in outcomes of adult deformity patients? Paper #107 presented at the 13th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Athens, Greece, July 12-15, 2006
  306. Lehman Jr. RA, Lenke LG, Keeler KA, Kim YJ, Buchowski JM, Cheh G, Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH. Treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with pedicle screw-only constructs:  minimum 3-year follow-up of 103 cases. Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  307. Kuklo TR, Lenke L, Potter B, Polly Jr. D, Sides B, Bridwell K. Surgical revision rate of hooks vs. hybrid vs. screws vs. ASF/PSF for AIS. Paper #2 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  308. Lowe TG, Berven S, Bridwell K, Schwab F. Validation of the SRS adult deformity radiographic classification. Paper #12 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  309. Schwab FJ, Farcy J, Bridwell K, Berven S, Glassman S, Horton W, Shainline M. Surgical treatment analysis of 809 thoracolumbar and lumbar major adult deformity cases by a new adult scoliosis classification system. Paper #13 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  310. Bridwell KH, Berven S, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton W, Schwab F, Baldus C, Shainline M. Is the SRS-22 instrument responsive to change (surgical treatment) in adult scoliosis patients having primary spinal deformity surgery? Paper #14 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  311. Glassman SD, Schwab FJ, Bridwell KH, Ondra SL, Berven SH, Lenke LG. Why adult scoliosis patients choose surgery. Paper #15 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  312. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G. Surgical treatment of adult lumbar scoliosis – is anterior apical release and fusion necessary? Paper #16 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  313. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Kim YW. Is the T9, T11 or L1 proximal level the more stable following lumbar/lumbosacral fusions from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1? Paper #19 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006. Nominated for Hibbs award
  314. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Proixmal junctional kyphosis following adult spinal deformity long posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5 year follow-up. Paper #20 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  315. Lehman RA, Bridwell K, Cheh G, Keeler K, Buchowski J, Lenke L. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity:  comparison of hook versus pedicle screw constructs. Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  316. Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Amor CJ, Lehman Jr. RA, Buchowski JM, Edwards CC. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  317. Buchowski JM, Lenke LG, Kuhns CA, Lehman Jr RA, Seshadri V, Sides B, Bridwell KH. Infections following spinal deformity surgery: a twenty-year assessment of 2876 patients. Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  318. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lehman Jr RA, Kuhns CA, Kim YJ, Steward D, Baldus CR.  Neurologic complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomy:  a ten-year assessment. Paper #36 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  319. Cheh G, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim Y, Daubs M, Baldus C. Risk factors for adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar/thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation: a minimum 5 year follow-up. Paper #45 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006 (nominated for Hibbs award)
  320. Kim YW, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Kim YB. Free hand pedicle screw placement during revision spinal surgery:  an analysis of 552 screws. Paper #51 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  321. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, ridwell KH, Kim YJ, Watanabe K, Hensley M, Stobbs G. Comparison of radiographic outcomes for scoliosis curves ≥100 degrees: wires vs. hooks vs. screws. Paper #56 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  322. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Daubs MD, Stobbs G. Decompression alone vs. decompression with limited fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis with stenosis. Paper #58 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  323. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity surgery: complications and outcomes in patients over age 60. Paper #60 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006 (nominated for Hibbs award)
  324. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Daubs MD, Watanabe K, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G, Hensley M. Is spinal deformity surgery in patients with cerebral palsy truly beneficial? A patient/parent evaluation. Paper #64 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  325. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Kim YW, Blanke K, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. The morbidity of an anterior thoracolumbar approach in adult patients with greater than five-year follow-up. Paper #67 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  326. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Baldus C. Results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance:  a minimum 5 year follow-up study. Paper #73 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006 (nominated for Hibbs award)
  327. Okubadejo GO, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Fang D, Baldus CR. Aprotinin decreases blood loss in complex adult spinal deformity but increases the risk of acut renal failure. Paper #85 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  328. Puno RM, Lenke LG, Richards II S, Sucato D, Emans JB, Erickson MA, Bridwell KH. Non-neurological complications following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #86 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  329. Cheh G, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Lehman Jr. RA, Buchowski JM, Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH. The reliability of preoperative supine radiographs to predict the amount of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Paper #91 Scoliosis Research Society 41st annual meeting, Monterey, CA, September 13-16, 2006
  330. Cheh G, Lenke L, Kim Y, Lehman R, Daubs M, Nunley R, Bridwell K. Use of a supine radiograph to accurately predict structural curve in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  331. Cheh G, Lenke L, Kim YJ, Lehman R Jr., Buchowski J, Kuhns C, Bridwell K. The reliability of preoperative supine radiographs to predict the amount of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  332. Kuhns C, Amor C, Buchowski J, Lehman R Jr., Edwards C, Lenke L. Bridwell K. Thoracolumbar fusions stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  333. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Cost-offset analysis of bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in primary surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis: is it worth it? Paper #12 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  334. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Rhim S, Kim YW. Thoracic kyphosis progression following long lumbar/ lumbosacral fusions from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1. Paper #22 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  335. Kuhns C, Courtney A, Buchowski J, Lehman R, Edwards C, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Thoracolumbar fusions stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper #24 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  336. Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Lehman Jr. RA, Kuhns CA, Kim YJ, Steward D, Baldus CR.  Neurologic complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomy. A ten-year review. Paper #64 North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, Washington, September 26-30, 2006
  337. Buchowski JM, Lenke LG, Lehman Jr. RA, Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH. Infections in spinal deformity surgery. A fifteen-year review. Paper #159 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  338. Cheh G, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Daubs MD, Baldus CR. Adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar/thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation. A minimum 5 year follow-up. Paper presented at North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  339. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Baldus C. Long-term results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. Paper #161 presented at the North American Spine Society 21st annual meeting, Seattle, WA, September 26-30, 2006
  340. Cheh G, Lenke L, Kim Y, Lehman R, Daubs M, Nunley R. Bridwell K. Use of a supine radiograph to accurately predict structural curve in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper # presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the Spine Society of Europe, Istanbul, Turkey, October 25-28, 2006
  341. Kim YB, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Woo Y, Bridwell KH, Stobbs G. Surgical treatment of adult lumbar scoliosis – is anterior apical release and fusion necessary? Paper #67 presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the Spine Society of Europe, Istanbul, Turkey, October 25-28, 2006
  342. Lehman Jr. RA, Lenke LG, Keeler KA, Kim YJ, Buchowski JM, Cheh G, Kuhns CA, Bridwell KH. Operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with posterior pedicle screw-only constructs: minimum 3-year follow-up of 103 cases. Paper #69 presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the Spine Society of Europe, Istanbul, Turkey, October 25-28, 2006
  343. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity surgery:  complications and outcomes in patinets over age 60. Paper #75 presented at the 2006 annual meeting of the Spine Society of Europe, Istanbul, Turkey, October 25-28, 2006
  344. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity surgery: complications and outcomes in patients over age 60. Paper #108 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  345. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G, Baldus C. Results of lumbar PSO for fixed sagittal imbalance: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. Paper #112 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  346. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cheh G. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following posterior spinal fusion: minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper #114 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, Februay 14-18, 2007
  347. Lehman R, Lenke LG, Keeler KA, Kim YJ, Cheh C, Kuhns C, Buchowski J, Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of AIS with posterior pedicle screw-only constructs: minimum 3 year follow-up. Paper #117 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  348. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Kim Y. Is the T9, T11, or L1 proximal level the more stable after lumbar instrumented fusion to L5-S1? Paper #119 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  349. Lenke LG, Watanabe K, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Watanabe K, Hensley M, Stobbs G. Comparison of radiographic outcomes for scoliosis curves >100 degrees: wires vs. hooks vs. screws. Paper #277 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  350. Okubadejo G, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Buchowski J, Fang D. Efficacy and complications associated with Aprotinin use in long thoracolumbar arthrodesis. Paper #438 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 74th annual meeting, San Diego, CA, February 14-18, 2007
  351. Okubadejo GO, Bridwell KH. Aprotinin decreases blood loss in complex adult spinal deformity, but increases the risk of acute renal failure. Paper #105 presented at the Mid-American Orthopaedic Association 25th annual meeting, Boca Raton, FL, April 11-15, 2007
  352. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Revision surgery after primary spine fusion for idiopathic scoliosis:  Results from a different instititution. Paper #7 presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Hollywood, FL, May 23-26, 2007
  353. Luhmann SJ, Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. The impact of curve characteristics and spine fusion on pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #55 presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Hollywood, FL, May 23-26, 2007
  354. Bess RS, Bridwell KH, Lee SS, Cronen G, Lenke LG, Steger-May K. Reconstitution of the posterior iliac crest bone graft site A: a prospective evaluation of three backfilling techniques. Paper #150 presented at the 14th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Paradise Island, Bahamas, July 11-14, 2007
  355. Lowe TG, Berven S, Bridwell KH, Edwards II C, Glassman SD, Hamill CL, Shaffrey CI, Schwab FJ, Shainline MR. Long adult deformity fusions terminating at L5 vs. sacrum/pelvis. Paper #16 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  356. Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Koester L, Hensley M. Comparison of radiographic outcomes between anterior/posterior combined fusion and posterior fusion alone for scoliosis curves >100°: is anterior release necessary? Paper #22 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  357. Rose PS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Mulconrey DS, Cronen GA, Schwend RM, Sides BA. Pedicle screw only treatment of adult idiopathic scoliosis: an improvement over hook/hybrid constructs. Paper #27 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  358. Rose PS, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cronen GA, Mulconrey DS, Kim YJ. Role of pelvic incidence, thoracic kyphosis and patient factors on sagittal plane correction following pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  359. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YB, Rhim S. Thoracic kyphosis progression following long lumbar/ lumbosacral fusions from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1: risk factors for larger (≥20°) postoperative thoracic kyphosis progression. Paper #31 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  360. Hamill CL, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, DeWald CJ, Horton WC, Shaffrey CI, Berven S, Shainline MR, Wootten D. Neurologic complication rate in adult spinal deformity. Paper #32 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  361. Schwab FJ, Lafage V, Farcy J, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Ondra SL, Shainline MR. Predicting outcome and complications in surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: an analysis of 109 patients at 2-year follow-up. Paper #33 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  362. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Harrast J, Edwards C, Glassman SD, Horton WC, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Mardjetko S, Ondra S, Schwab FJ, Shaffrey C. Age-gender matched comparison of SRS instrument scores between adult deformity and normal adults: are all SRS domains disease specific? Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  363. Geck MJ, Rinella A, Koester L, Hawthorne D, Kim YJ, Macagno A, Sides BA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Shufflebarger HL. Comparison of surgical treatment in Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: anterior rod versus posterior pedicle fixation surgery:  a comparison of two practices. Paper #104 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 42nd annual meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 3-5, 2007
  364. Lee CC, Okubadejo GO, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Nielsen C. Aprotinin use in adult spinal deformity: effects on blood conservation and associated complications. Paper A1953 presented at the American Society of Anesthesiologists annual meeting, San Francisco, California, October 13-17, 2007
  365. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Cillo YA. Is there a clinically detectable response to repeat use of rhBMP-2 in the spine? Paper presented at North American Spine Society 22nd annual meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  366. Schwab F, Lafage V, Farcy J, Bridwell K, Glassman S, Ondra S, Shainline M. Predicting outcome and complications in surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: an analysis of 109 patients at 2-year follow up. Paper presented at North American Spine Society 22nd annual meeting, Austin, TX, October 23-27, 2007
  367. Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH, Cillo YA. Is there a clinically detectable response to repeat use of rhBMP-2 in the spine? Paper #080 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 75th annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 4-9, 2008
  368. Rose PS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Mulconrey D, Cronen GA, Schwend RM. Pedicle screw only treatment of adult idiopathic scoliosis: an advance over hook/hybrid constructs. Paper #175 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 75th annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 4-9, 2008
  369. Kim YJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YB. Comparative analysis of two hybrid instrumentation techniques for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Paper #176 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 75th annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, March 4-9, 2008
  370. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S, Glassman SD, Hamill C, Horton W, Ondra S, Schwab F, Fu K-M, Bridwell KH. Correlations of changes in back and leg pain with changes in Oswestry disability index, SRS-22 and SF-12 in surgically treated patients with adult scoliosis: a retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database with two-year follow-up. Paper #21 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  371. Johnston CE, Richards BS, Sucato DJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Erickson MA, Spinal Deformity Study Group.  Decreased pulmonary function in postop AIS patietnts who remain hypokyphotic. Paper #25 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  372. Buchwoski JM, Good CR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Epidural spinal cord compression with neurologic deficit associated with intrapedicular application of FloSeal during pedicle screw insertion. Paper #32 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  373. Lenke LG, Richards BS, Kuklo T, Sucato DJ, Emans JB, Johnston CE, Bridwell KH, Sides BA, Spinal Deformity Study Group. Multicenter analysis of the operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: prospective and consecutive analysis of 534 patients. Paper #76 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  374. O’Leary PT, Lenke LG, Good CR, Pichelmann M, Keeler KA, Bridwell KH, Sides BA. TLIF as an alternative to formal anterior interbody fusion at the caudal end of long spinal deformnity constructs: does it work? Paper #83 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  375. Bedigre KM, Kuklo T, Luhmann SJ, Meyer LA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Is Aprotinin safe for pediatric spinal deformity surgery? Paper #118 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  376. Garg S, Brant JA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, sides BA, Keeler KA. Hemivertebra excision: comparison of circumferential vs. posterior-only approaches. Paper #121 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  377. Mulconrey DS, Keeler KA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Good CR, O’Leary PT, Pichelmann M, Sides BA. Safety and efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) in complex pediatric spinal deformity at a minimum two year follow-up. Paper #126 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  378. Harimaya K, Son-Hing JP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Schwend RM, Koester L, Sides BA. Safety and accuracy of pedicle screws places in pediatric patients less than 10 years of age. Paper #132 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  379. Geck M, Rinella A, Hawthorne D, Macagno A, Sides BA, Koester L, Lenke LG, O’Brien M, Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL. Anterior dual rod versus posterior pedicle fixation surgery for the surgical treatment in Lenke 5C adolscent idiopathic scoliosis: a multicenter matched case analysis. Paper #136 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  380. Keeler KA, Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides BA. Direct verteral rotation (DVR) in the treatment of thoracolumbar/lumbar adolscent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): can it optimize correction when fusing to L3? Paper #137 presented at the 15th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Hong Kong, July 8-11, 2008
  381. Keeler KA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Flynn J. Subjacent disc wedging after anterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the fate of the “jacked” lumbar disc. Paper #3 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  382. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Revision surgery after 1057 primary spine fusions for idiopathic scoliosis over 19 years: identification of causative factors. Paper #7 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  383. Lenke LG, O’Leary PT, Sides BA, Koester L, Henlsey M, Bridwell KH. Posterior vertebral column resection (VCR) for severe pediatric deformity: minimum 2-year follow-up on 29 consecutive patients. Paper #9 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  384. Pichelmann M, Lenke LG, Good CR, O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Sides BA. Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery: 667 consecutive patients followed up to 21 years postoperatively. Paper #19 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  385. Kim YJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YB, Lawhorne TW. Comparative analysis of two hybrid instrumentation techniques for adult lumbar scoliosis from the thoracolumbar spine to L5 or S1. Paper #22 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  386. Harimaya K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester L, Sides BA. Etiology and revision surgical strategies in failed lumbosacral fixation of adult spinal deformity constructs. Paper #23 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  387. Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Shainline M, Schwab F, Berven S, Shaffrey CI, Glassman DS, Hamill D, Ondra S.  Distal anchor selection for adult spinal deformity (S1 vs S2/ilium): the effect on sagittal alignment and outcomes. Paper #24 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  388. Maeda T, Buchowski JB, Bridwell KH, Koester L. A matched cohort study of long adult spinal deformity surgery to the sacrum/ilium using rhBMP-2 vs. autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Paper #26 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  389. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Berven S, Glassman SD, Hamill C, Horton W, Ondra S, Schwab F, Fu K-M, Bridwell KH. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of leg pain in adults with scoliosis: a retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database with two-year follow-up. Paper #27 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  390. Zebala LP, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Richard BS, Dormans J, Lenke LG, Auerbach J. 5-year radiographic results of long scoliosis fusions in juvenile spinal muscular atrophy patients: crankshaft and ultimate correction. Paper #39 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  391. Keeler KA, Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Good CR, Sides BA, Schootman M, Bridwell KH. Spinal fusion for spastic neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS): is anterior releasing necessary when intraoperative halo-femoral traction is used? Paper #40 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  392. Zebala LP, Bridwell KH, Glassman S, Horton W, Shaffrey C, Schwab F, Hilton J, Shainline M, Baldus C, Wootten D. Does treatment (nonoperative and operative) help patients with adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis (ASLS): a prospective multicenter evidence-based medicine (EBM) study.  aper #53 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008. Hibbs Award nominee
  393. Harimaya K, Mishiro T, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester L, Sides BA. Increasing lumbar lordosis of adult spinal deformity patients vsi intraoperative prone positioning. Paper #59 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  394. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Hosogane N, Kim YB. Significance of intraoperative thoracic kyphosis increase to prevent the proximal junctional kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation and fusion: a multicenter analysis of 518 cases. Paper #74 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  395. Kuklo T, Keeler KA, Meyer LA, Luhmann SJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Is extended preoperative halo traction safe and effective for severe pediatric spinal deformity? Critical review of 62 pediatric patients? Paper #80 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  396. Sanders JO, Diab M, Richards III BS, Lenke LG, Johnston CE, Emans JB, Sucato DJ, Erickson MA, Bridwell KH, McCarthy RE, Sarwark JF, Dormans JP, Kuklo T, Shainline M; Spinal Deformity Study Group. Fixation points within the main thoracic curve: does more instrumentation produce greater curve correction? Paper #82 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  397. Baldus C, Bridwell KH, Okubadejo GO, Lenke LG. Can we safely reduce blood loss during lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy procedures using tranexamic acid or aprotinin? A comparative study with controls. Paper #97 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  398. Good CR, Bridwell KH, O’Leary PT, Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Luhmann S, Kuklo TR, Buchowski JM, Flynn J. Major perioperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spine surgery patients:  incidence, etiology and outcomes over a fourteen year period at one institution. Paper #101 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  399. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill C, Kim YB. What radiographic sagittal parameters correlate with improved SRS self-image scores postoperatively in patients with sagittal imbalance: an analysis of 103 lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy patients. Paper #102 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  400. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill CL, Kim YB. Sagittal spinopelvic alignment change after lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy: a multicenter analysis of 113 patients with a minimum 2 years follow-up. Paper #104 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  401. Baldus C, Bridwell K, Harrast J, Shaffrey CI, Ondra S, Lenke LG, Schwab F, Mardjetko S, Glassman SD, Edwards C, DeWald C, Lowe T, Horton W, Polly DW. Normative SRS-QOL data to allow age and gender specific comparisons to adult deformity patients: an analysis of 1346 unaffected subjects. Paper #105 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  402. Glassman SD, Schwab F, Bridwell KH, Shaffrey CI, Horton W, Hu SS. Do one year outcomes predict two year outcomes in adult deformity surgery? Paper #106 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  403. Edwards C, Bridwell KH, Shainline M, Berven S, Ondra S, Horton W, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI, Hamill C.  The changing practice of adult spinal deformity surgery: an emerging new paradigm for surgical approach, staged procedures and fusion levels. Paper #108 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  404. Good CR, Lenke LG, O’Leary PT, Pichelmann M, Keeler KA, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Koester L. Can posterior only surgery replace combined anterior (thoracotomy/thoracoabdominal)/posterior approaches for adult scoliosis? Paper #109 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  405. Daubs MD, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Cheh G, Bridwell KH.  Does correction of preoperative coronal imbalance make a difference in outcomes of adult deformity patients?  Paper #110 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  406. O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Good CR, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Kim YJ, Flynn J. Risk factors and outcomes for catastrophic failures at the top of long pedicle screw constructs (FPSC): a matched cohort analysis performed at a single center. Paper #111 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  407. Schwab F, Lafage V, Patel A, Farcy J-P, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Shainline M. Predicting surgical outcome by change in critical parameters of thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal deformity in adults. Paper #114 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 43rd annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 10-13, 2008
  408. Bridwell K. Surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: what's new? Presented at the 63rd annual Twentieth Century Orthopaedic Association meeting, Sandestin, FL, October 8-12, 2008
  409. Lehman RA Jr., Lenke L, Richards BS, Bridwell K. Hybrid constructs lose correction/balance over time while pedicle screws do not in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery. Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  410. Lehman RA Jr., Lenke L, Kukle T, Richards BS, Bridwell K. P127. Comparative analysis between Lenke type 1A-, B-, and C-curve patterns: pedicle screw vs. hybrid constructs: which maintains correction better? Paper presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  411. Pearson A, Blood E, Jon L, Tosteson T, Hillibrand A, Bridwell K, Weinstein J. SPORT spinal stenosis versus degenerative spondylolisthesis: comparison of baseline characteristics and outcomes. Paper #7 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  412. Good C, Bridwell K, O’Leary P, Pichelmann M, Lenke L, Riew D, Luhmann S, Kuklo T, Buchowski J, Flynn J. Major perioperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spine surgery patients: incidence, etiology and outcomes over a fourteen year period at one institution. Paper #25 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  413. O’Leary P, Bridwell K, Good C, Lenke L, Buchowski J, Kim Y, Flynn J. Risk factors and outcomes for catastrophic failures at the top of long pedicle screw constructs (FPSC): a matched cohort analysis performed at a single center. Paper #26 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  414. Lehman R, Lenke L, Richards BS, Kuklo T, Bridwell K. Change in time of radiographic and balance parameters for the operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis posterior pedicle screw-only versus hybrid constructs. Special Interest Paper #58 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  415. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Boachie-Adjei O, Marawar S. What radiographic sagittal parameters correlate with improved SRS self-image scores postoperatively in patients with sagittal imbalance: analysis of 102 lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy patients. Special Interest Paper #60 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  416. Smith J, Shaffrey C, Berven S, Glassman S, Hamill C, Horton W, Ondra S, Schwab F, Fu K, Bridwell K.  Operative versus conservative treatment of leg pain in adults with scoliosis: a retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database with two-year follow-up. Special Interest Paper #180 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  417. Pichelmann M, Lenke L, Good C, O’Leary P, Bridwell K. Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery: 667 consecutive patients followed up to 21 years postoperatively. Paper #192 presented at the North American Spine Society 23rd annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 14-18, 2008
  418. Buchowski J, Maeda T, B ridwell KH, Kim YJ, Mishiro T. Long adult spinal deformity fusion to the sacrum using rhBMP-2 vs. autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Paper #40 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 76th annual meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 25-28, 2009
  419. Pichelmann MA, Lenke LG, Good C, O’Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Sides B. Revision rates following primary spinal deformity surgery: 667 adults with up to 21 years follow-up. Paper #301 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 76th annual meeting, Las Vegas, NV, February 25-28, 2009
  420. Kuklo TR, Keeler KA, Meyer LA, Luhmann SJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Is extended preoperative halo traction safe and effectice for severe pediatric spinal deformity? Critical review of 62 pediatric patients. Paper #45 presented at the 2009 Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) annual meeting, Boston, MA, April 29-May 2, 2009
  421. Thuet ED, Winscher JC, Padberg AM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Dobbs MB, Schootman M, Luhmann SJ. A 22-year perspective of electrophysiologic monitoring for pediatric spinal deformity surgery: is there value to monitoring ALL pediatric spine cases? Paper #74 presented at the 2009 Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) annual meeting, Boston, MA, April 29-May 2, 2009
  422. Zebala ZP, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Luhmann SJ, Auerbach JD, Bridwell KH. Dual growing rod instrumentation with pedicle screw foundation at a single institution: assessment of outcomes and complications. Paper #92 presented at the 16th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Vienna, Austria, July 15-18, 2009
  423. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Smith J, Schwab F, Suk SI, Horton W, Bridwell K. Does appearance influence outcome in adult scoliosis? Paper presented at the 16th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Technique (IMAST), Vienna, Austria, July 15-18, 2009
  424. Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Erickson MA, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, King AG, Johnston CE, Oswald TS, Kuklo TR, Sides B, Spinal Deformity Study Group. Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes and complications of 756 consecutive operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Paper #3 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  425. Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Sucato DJ, Erickson MA, Emans JB, Richards BS, Diab M, Bridwell K, Spinal Deformity Study Group. Pedicle screw constructs provide superior thoracic rib hump and lumbar prominence correction following adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Paper #6 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  426. Chang MS, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Cho W, Baldus C, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH, O’Shaughnessy BA.  Predicting the outcome of selective thoracic fusion in false double major lumbar “C” cases with 5 to 15 year followup. Paper #7 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  427. Gitelman Y, Lenke LG, Auerbach JD, Sides B, Bridwell K. Pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis relative to the surgical procedure:  a 10-year follow-up analysis. Paper #11 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  428. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill C, Cha TD, Cho S. Proximal thoracic versus thoracolumbar stop following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult patients with sagittal imbalance: which one is better? Paper #18 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  429. O’Shaughnessy BA, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Cho W, Baldus C, Chang MS, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH. Does a long fusion (T3-Sacrum) portend a worse outcome than a short fusion (T10-sacrum) in primary adult scoliosis surgery? Paper #19 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  430. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Berven S, Hamill C, Horton WC, Ondra SL, Schwab F, Sansur CA, Bridwell KH. Risk-benefit assessment of surgery for adult scoliosis: an analysis based on patient age. Paper #20 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009 (Russell A. Hibbs Award for Best Clinical Science Paper)
  431. O’Shaughnessy BA, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Chang MS, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH, BaldusC, Bridwell K. Is there a difference in outcome between patients under and over age 60 who have long fusions to the sacrum for the primary treatment of adult scoliosis? Paper #21 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  432. Bridwell K, Baldus C, Berven S, Edwards CC, Glassman SD, Hamill C, Horton WC, Ondra SL, Schwab FJ, Shaffrey C, Study Group Spinal Deformity. Deterioration of radiographic and clinical outcomes with primary treatment adult spinal deformity surgeries from 2 years to 3-5 years follow-up. Paper #23 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  433. O’Leary PT, O’Shaughnessy BA, Lenke LG, Sides B, Kuklo TR, Buchowski JM, Bridwell K. TLIF vs ALIF:  a matched cohort analysis of caudal interbody grafting strategies in adult spinal deformity. Paper #26 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  434. Auerbach JD, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, McKeon K, Zebala LP, Milby AH, Crawford CH, O’Shaughnessy BA, Chang MS, Baldus C. Major complications in primary adult deformity surgery: risk factors and clinical outcomes at one institution with 2-6 year follow-up. Paper #27 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  435. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Shaffrey C, Polly DW, Ondra SL, Berven SH, Bridwell K. The cost and benefits of nonoperative management for adult scoliosis. Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  436. Auerbach JD, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Sehn JK, Milby AH, Bumpass D, Crawford CH, O’Shaughnessy BA, Chang MS, Zebala LP, Sides B. Major complications of 3-column osteotomies in 240 consecutive spinal deformity patients. Paper #68 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  437. Thuet ED, Winscher JC, Padberg AM, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Dobbs MB, Schootman M, Luhmann SJ. Validity and reliability of intraoperative monitoring in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a 23 year experience of 3436 surgical cases. Paper #74 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  438. Harimaya K, Son-Hing JP, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Schwend RM, Luhmann SJ, Kuklo TR, Koester LA, Sides B. Safety and accuracy of pedicle screws placed in infantile and juvenile patients. Paper #89 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  439. Johnston CE, Richards BS, Sucato DJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Erickson MA, Spinal Deformity Study Group. Correlation of preop curve severity with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in AIS. Paper #98 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  440. Kim Y, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Boachie-Adjei O, Kim P, Kim YB. Comparative analysis of sagittal plane measures following 3 diffeent posterior segmental spinal instrumented fusion of AIS. Paper #101 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  441. O’Shaughnessy BA, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Kuklo TR, Cho W, Chang MS, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH, Koester LA. Should symptomatic iliac screws be electively removed in postoperative adult spinal deformity patients fused to the sacrum? Paper #106 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  442. Schwab FJ, Lafage V, Bridwell K, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI, Farcy J-PC. Does a consensus algorithm for treating adult thoracolumbar and lumbar major spinal deformity help guide optimal treatment? Paper #107 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  443. Crawford CH, Bridwell K, Cho W, Buchowski JM, O’Shaughnessy BA, Chang MS, Auerbach JD. Extension of prior idiopathic scoliosis fusions to the sacrum: a matched cohort analysis of 65 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. Can BMP improve outcomes? Paper #108 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  444. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill C, Cho S, Kim YB. Sagittal decompensation following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult patients with sagittal imbalance: incidence, risk factors, and SRS outcomes score. Paper #109 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 44th annual meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 23-26, 2009
  445. Glassman SD, Carreon L, Shaffrey CI, Polly Jr DW, Ondra SL, Berven S, Bridwell K. The cost and benefits of nonoperative management for adult scoliosis. Paper #105 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  446. Glassman SD, Carreon L, Smith J, Schwab F, Suk S-I, Horton W, Bridwell K. Does appearance influence outcome in adult scoliosis. Paper #107 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  447. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill C, Cha T, Cho S. Proximal thoracic versus thoraco-lumbar stop following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult patients with sagittal imbalance: which one is better? Paper #111 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  448. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill C, Cho S, Cha T. Sagittal decompensation following pedicle subtraction osteotomy for adult patients with sagittal imbalance. Paper #149 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  449. Crawford III C, Bridwell K, Cho W, Buchowski J, O’Shaughnessy B, Chang M, Auerbach J. Extension of prior idiopathic scoliosis fusions to the sacrum: a matched cohort analysis of 65 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up: can bone morphogenetic protein improve outcomes? Paper #182 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  450. Kim Y, Boachie-Adjei O, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim Y, Cho S, Kim P. Selection of proximal fusion level in adult lumbar segmental instrumented fusion to L5 or S1 for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Paper #184 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  451. Lehman Jr. R, Lenke L, Richards BS, Bridwell K. Hybrid constructs lose correction/balance over time while pedicle screws do not in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery. Paper #207 presented at the North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 10-14, 2009
  452. Yongjung J Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Clement J-L, Cho SK, Kim Y-B. Distal stop at T12 vs L1 for posterior spinal instrumented fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #513 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 77th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010
  453. Crawford III CH, Lenke LG, Cho W, O’Shaughnessy BA, Chang M, Auerbach JD, Sides B, Baldus C, Bridwell KH. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): do the favorable 2yr SRS-30 outcomes hold-up at 5 years? Paper #192 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 77th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010
  454. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Shaffrey CI, Polly Jr DW, Ondra SL, Berven SH, Bridwell KH. The Cost and Benefits of Nonoperative Management for Adult Scoliosis. Paper #458 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 77th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010
  455. Kuhn MG, Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Kuklo TR, Bridwell KH. The utility of ESR and WBC counts after spinal deformity surgery in the early postoperative period. Paper #459 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 77th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010
  456. Cha TD, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Boachie-Adjei O, Hamill CL, Cho SK. PT versus TL Stop after lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for patients with sagittal imbalance. Paper #460 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) 77th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 9-13, 2010
  457. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Erickson M, Bridwell KH, Richards III BS. Correction of moderate (<70 degree) Lenke 1A and 2A curve patterns: comparison of hook, hybrid and all-pedicle screw systems at 2-year follow-up. Paper #40 presented at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) annual meeting, Waikoloa, Hawaii, May 4-7, 2010
  458. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Schwab FJ, Lafage VC, Berven SH, Bridwell KH. Clinical and radiographic factors that distinguish between the best and worst outcomes of scoliosis surgery for adults 18-45 years old. Paper #9 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  459. Kang MM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Cho W, Dorward IG, Baldus C. Proximal junctional kyphosis in primary adult deformity surgery – PJK of 20 degrees as a critical angle. Paper #38 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  460. Farcy J-PC, Schwab FJ, Lafage VC, Patel A, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. Impact of upper fusion level on outcome in the setting of adult spinal deformity: effectiveness of the clinical impact classification in guiding treatment. Paper #40 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  461. Luhmann SJ, Lenke LG, Erickson MA, Bridwell KH, Richards BS. Correction of moderate (<70-degree) Lenke 1A and 2A curve patterns: comparison of hook, hybrid and all-pedicle screw systems at 2-year follow-up. Paper #86 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  462. Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Kang MM, Cho W, Sides B. The use of low dose tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Paper #88 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  463. Crawford CH, Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, Emans JB, Vitale MG, Erickson MA, Sanders JO, Bridwell KH. Selective thoracic fusion in Lenke 1C Curves: prevalence and criteria. Paper #89 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  464. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Gupta MC, Clement J-L, Cha TD, Cho SK. Sagittal plane changes according to the thoracic kyphosis change following posterior segmental spinal instrumented fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #98 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  465. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Kang MM, Koester L. Clinical outcomes and complications following spinal deformity correction with Smith-Petersen osteotomies. Paper #104 presented at the 17th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Toronto, Canada, July 21-24, 2010
  466. Zebala ZP, Buchowski  JM, Bridwell KH, Koester L. Dual-rod anterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis outcomes at minimum 5-years compared to previous two-year follow-up. Paper #10 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  467. Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Schwab FJ, Shaffrey CI, Hu SS, Bridwell KH. The impact of adult scoliosis on the cervical spine. Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  468. Crawford CH, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Bridwell KH. Long fusions to the sacrum in elderly patients with spinal deformity. Paper #39 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  469. Pahys JM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zebala LP, Cho SK, Kang MM, Cho W, Baldus C. Prevalence and outcomes of coronal decompensation following primary multilevel spinal fusion for adult deformity. Paper #40 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  470. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Schwab FJ, Lafage VC, Berven SH, Bridwell KH. Clinical and radiographic factors that distinguish between the best and worst outcomes of scoliosis surgery for adults 46-85 years old. Paper #45 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  471. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kang MM, Pahys JM, Zebala LP, Yi J-S; Cho W, Baldus C. Comparative analysis of clinical outcome and perioperative complications in primary vs. revision adult scoliosis surgery. Paper #47 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  472. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Yi J-S, Cho W, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Kang MM, Baldus C. Major complications in revision adult deformity surgery: risk factors and clinical outcomes with two to seven year follow-up. Paper #58 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  473. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Dorward IG, Shoda N, Baldus C, Cho SK, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Koester L. Comparison of spinal deformity surgery in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) vs. controls. Paper #65 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  474. Pahys JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Cho SK, Zebala LP, Kang MM, Cho W, Koester L. Matched cohort analysis of posterior only vertebral column resection vs. combined anterior/posterior vertebrectomy for severe spinal deformity. Paper #89 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  475. Chang MS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho W, Chang Y-HH, Bogunovic L, Koester L, Auerbach JD, Crawford CH, O’Shaughnessy BA. Combined anterior-posterior vs. posterior only fusion for severe non-spastic neuromuscular deformity. Paper #105 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  476. Luhmann SJ, Keeler KA, Fuhrhop S, Oto M, Miller F, Dabney KW, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Surgical treatment of scoliosis in non-ambulatory spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy patients: a matched cohort comparison of Luque-Galveston technique and all-pedicle screw constructs. Paper #107 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 45th annual meeting, Kyoto, Japan, September 21-24, 2010
  477. Bridwell K. Symptomatic adult lumbar scoliosis and evidence-based medicine and the NIH. Is it realistic, feasible and helpful to try to pull off a clinical trial to study the usefulness of operative and nonoperative treatment for these patients? Presented at the 65th annual Twentieth Century Orthopaedic Association meeting, Hilton Head, SC, October 20-24, 2010
  478. Schwab FJ, Farcy J-P C, Lafage V, Patel A, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. Upper fusion level in adult spinal deformity: effectiveness of classification in guiding treatment.  Paper #441 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  479. Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Clement J-L, Cho SK-W, Fischer CR. Optimal lowest instrumented vertebra for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Paper #442 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  480. Zebala ZP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Luhmann S, Cho SK-W, Pahys JM, Kang MM, Cho W, Sides B. Low dose tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusions in AIS surgery. Paper #446 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  481. Pahys J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho SK-W, Zebala aLP, Kang MM, Cho W, Koester LA. Posterior only vertebral column resection vs. anterior/posterior vertebrectomy in spinal deformity. Paper #449 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  482. Zebala ZP, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Kang MM, Pahys JM, Cho W, Baldus C. rhBMP-2 versus iliac crest bone graft in upper thoracic to sacrum fusion in adult spinal deformity. Paper #661 presented at the Amercian Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), San Diego, CA, February 15-19, 2011
  483. Stoker GE, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Riew KD, Zebala LP. Preoperative vitamin D status in adults undergoing spinal fusion surgery. Paper #2 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011. Whitecloud Award, Best Clinical Science Paper
  484. Mishiro T, Lenke LG, Koester L, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ. Modified Lenke classification system for infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #24 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  485. Zebala LP, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Cho SK, Payhs JM, Kang MM, Cho W. rhBMP-2 and modern surgical techniques significantly reduce the pseudarthrosis rate in long fusions to the sacrum for complex adult spinal deformity. Paper #47 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  486. Dickson DD, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Koester L, Bridwell KH. Adult spinal deformity fusion to the sacrum using rhbmp-2 versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft: minimum 4 yr follow up. Paper #48 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  487. Dickson DD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides BA. Prevalence and risk factors for pseudarthrosis after lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in adult spinal deformity. Paper #51 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  488. Koller H, Lenke LG, Nakamura Y, Bridwell KH, Koester L, Hempfing A, Ferraris L, Meier O, Zenner J, Hitzl W. Comparison of anterior/posterior to posterior-only correction of Scheuermann’s kyphosis: a matched pair analysis of 166 patients. Paper #80 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  489. Bumpass D, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stallbaumer JJ, Kim YJ, Wallendorf MJ, Min W-K, Sides BA. Pulmonary function changes following posterior vertebral column resection in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients.  Paper #133 presented at the 18th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Copenhagen, Denmark, July 13-16, 2011
  490. Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Buchowski JM, Sides BA. Preoperative autologous blood donation results in more transfusions in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  491. Stallbaumer JJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Koester L. Clinical, radiographic and patient assessment of shoulder imbalance following thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) reconstruction. Paper #8 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  492. Johnston CE, Richards BS, Sucato DJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Erickson MA. Improvement in pulmonary function at two years following corrective surgery for AIS - a prospective study. Paper #12 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  493. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kim YB. Comparative radiographic analysis of the sagittal spinopelvic alignment between 100 asymptomatic adults and 100 sagittally imbal­anced patients: the best angular parameters to sagittal vertical axis. Paper #22 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  494. Rahman RK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Stephens B, Dorward IG, Koester L. Are TLIFs necessary for L5-S1 arthrodesis in long constructs to the sacrum/pelvis in primary adult deformity patients? Paper #26 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  495. Kelly M, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Buchowski J, Zebala L, Koester L. The fate of the adult revision spinal deformity patient: a single institution experience. Paper #28 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  496. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Yi J-S, Kang MM, Zebala LP, Pahys JM, Baldus C. Is there a difference in clinical outcome between adult patients under and over age 60 who have revision scoliosis fusion surgery to the sacrum? Paper #29 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  497. Raynor BL, Bright JD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Buchowski JM, Luhmann SJ, Padberg AM. Significant change or loss of intraoperative monitoring data: a 25 year experience in 12375 spinal surgeries. Paper #34 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  498. Rahman RK, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Aleem A, Sides BA. Intrawound vancomycin powder lowers the acute deep wound infection rate in adult spinal deformity patients. Paper #36 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  499. Ning Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Koester L. How to determine optimal fusion levels of Scheuermann’s kyphosis. Paper #73 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  500. Kim YJ, Fischer CR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Boachie-Adjei O, Clement J-L, Gupta MC. Optimal lowest instrumented vertebra to avoid adding-on or distal junctional kyphosis for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #88 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  501. Stoker GE, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Zebala LP. Preoperative vitamin D deficiency in adults undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Paper #108 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  502. Rahman RK, Min W-K, Nakamura Y, Zebala LP, Sides BA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. High dose tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in complex pediatric spine deformity surgery. Paper #111 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 46th annual meeting, Louisville, KY, September 14-17, 2011
  503. Cho W, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Hu G, Buchowski K, Dorward I, Pahys J, Cho S, Kang M, Zebala L, Koester L. The prevalence of abnormal preoperative neurologic exam in Scheuermann’s kyphosis: correlation with x-ray, mri and surgical outcome. Paper #39 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  504. Buchowski J, Stoker G, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Riew KD, Zebala L. Preoperative vitamin d status in adults undergoing spinal fusion. Paper #45 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  505. Ungar1 B, Lafage V, Schwab F, Blondel B, Smith J, Demakakos J, Bridwell K, Glassman SD, Shaffrey C. The limited benefit of coronal cobb angle correction in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a health related quality of life assessment on two-year outcomes. Paper #51 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  506. Zebala L, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Buchowski J, Sides B. Preoperative autologous blood donation results in more transfusions in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #55 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  507. Ungar1 B, Schwab F, Lafage V, Blondel B, Smith J, Chay E, Bridwell K, Glassman SD, Shaffrey C. Sagittal plane spinal deformity: correction thresholds and health related quality of life at two-years follow-up. Paper #216 presented at the 26th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, Il, November 2-5, 2011
  508. Lafage V, Schwab FJ, Blondel B, Smith JS, Demakakos J, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Shaffrey CI. The limited benefit of coronal Cobb angle correction in the setting of adult spinal deformity.  Paper #78 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  509. Zebala LP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Buchowski JM, Sides B. Preoperative autologous blood donation results in more transfusions in idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Paper #452 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  510. Warren D, Hoelscher CM, Terran JS, Lonner B, Bridwell KH, Glassman SD, Schwab FJ, Lafage V. Adult spinal deformity: a two-year cost-utility analysis and 10-year thought experiment. Paper #577 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  511. Kelly MP, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Koester LA. The fate of the adult revision spinal deformity patient: a single institution experience. Paper #692 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  512. Zebala LP, Buchowski JM, Bridwell KH, Kang K, Cho W, Kang MM, Pahys J, Cho W. rhBMP-2 and modern surgical techniques reduce the pseudarthrosis rate in adult spinal deformity. Paper #705 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2012 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, February 7-11, 2012
  513. Mesfin A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim HJ, Koester L. Weight change and clinical outcomes following adult spinal deformity surgery in overweight and obese patients. Paper #51 presented at the 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul, Turkey, July 18-21, 2012
  514. Mishiro T, Lenke LG, Koester L, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ. Modified Lenke classification system for infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #123 presented at the 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul, Turkey, July 18-21, 2012
  515. Mesfin A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Akhtar U, Jupitz JM, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim JH, Koester L. Does preoperative narcotic use persist after spinal deformity surgery? A comparison of non-narcotic and narcotic using groups. Paper #131 presented at the 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul, Turkey, July 18-21, 2012
  516. Bridwell K. Is operative correction of substantial adult spinal deformity warranted? Presented at the 67th annual Twentieth Century Orthopaedic Association meeting, Mount Washington, NH, August 8-12, 2012
  517. Lehman RA, Lenke LG, Sucato DJ, Richards BS, Bridwell KH. Surgeon variability for treatment of Lenke 1C curve patterns with selective thoracic fusions. Paper #12 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  518. Fischer C, Terran J, McHugh B, Lonner B, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Factors predicting cost-effectiveness of adult spinal deformity surgery at 2 years follow-up. Paper #45 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  519. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Song K-S, Chuntarapas T, Hershman S, Piyaskulkaew C, Fogelson JL, Mesfin A, Park MS. Proximal junctional kyphosis results in inferior SRS pain sub-scores in adult deformity patients. Paper #48 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  520. McHugh B, Terran J, Fischer C, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Modeling of cost-effectiveness of adult spinal deformity surgery at 5 years follow-up. Paper #50 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  521. Dickson DD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sides BA. Prevalence and risk factors for pseudarthrosis following lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in adult spinal deformity. Paper #53 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  522. Fogelson JL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Roth M, Koester L, Kim HJ, Hershman S, Mesfin A. Preventing spinal cord deficits in adult spinal surgery with intraoperative monitoring: a single institution experience. Paper #57 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  523. Mesfin A, Buchowski JM, Aronson AB, Bakhsh WR, Fogelson JL, Hershman S, Kim HJ, Zebala LP, Ahmad A, Bridwell KH. High dose BMP-2 in adults: major and minor complications in 502 cases. Paper #79 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  524. Hershman S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim HJ, Fogelson JL, Mesfin A, Sides BA. Minimum five-year follow-up of posterior-only surgery for thoracic and thoracolumbar kyphosis. Paper #103 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  525. Cho W, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hu G; Buchowski JM, Dorward IG, Pahys JM, Cho SK, Kang M, Zebala LP, Koester L. The prevalence of abnormal preoperative neurologic exam in scheuermann’s kyphosis: correlation with x-ray, MRI, and surgical outcome. Paper #105 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  526. Bumpass D, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Stallbaumer J, kim Y, Wallendorf M. Min W-K, Sides B. Predictors of pulmonary improvement after vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformity. Paper #129 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 47th annual meeting, Chicago, IL, September 5-8, 2012
  527. Fischer C, Terran J, McHugh B, Lonner B, Glassman S, Bridwell K, Schwab F, Lafage V. Factors predicting cost-effectiveness of adult spinal deformity surgery at 2 years follow-up. Paper #405 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL March 19-23, 2013
  528. Kim HJ, Buchowski JM, Zebala LP, Dickson DD, Koester L, Bridwell KH. RhBMP-2 is superior to iliac crest bone graft for long construct sacropelvic fusions in adult spinal deformity. Paper #399 presented at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL March 19-23, 2013
  529. O'Neill K, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Hyun S-J, Neuman B, Dorward I, Koester L. Clinical and radiographic outcomes following 3-column osteotomies at a minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper #71 presented at the 20th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, July 10-13, 2013
  530. O’Neill KR, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Kelly MP, Chuntarapas T, Dorward IG, Neuman BJ, Ahmad A, Baldus C. Extension of spine fusion to the sacrum following long fusions for deformity correction. Paper #152 presented at the 20th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, July 10-13, 2013
  531. Neuman B, Lenke L, Sides B, Bridwell K, Dorward I, O'Neill K, Kim S. Perioperative morbidity and mortality in high risk pediatric patients with severe restrictive lung disease undergoing posterior-only spine deformity surgery. Paper #157 presented at the 20th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, July 10-13, 2013
  532. Cho SK, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Allen A, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of 17,412 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Database 2001-2008. Paper #1 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  533. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, McCoy KE, O’Neill KR, Neuman BJ, Holekamp TF, Ray W, Sides BA, Koester L. Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents versus young adults: a matched cohort analysis. Paper #5 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  534. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi J, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: a review of 7,570 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Database 2001-2008. Paper #16 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  535. Kim HJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Park MS, Song K-S, Chuntarapas T, Piyaskulkaew C. Patients with proximal junctional kyphosis requiring revision surgery have higher post-op. Lumbar lordosis and larger sagittal balance corrections. Paper #20 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  536. Neuman BJ, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Zebala LP, Shaffrey CI, Edwards II CC, Koski T, Schwab FJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Glassman SD, Parent S, Lewis SJ, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Crawford III CH. How patients decide: randomization versus surgery versus non-surgical treatment for symptomatic adult lumbar scoliosis. Paper #44 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  537. Kim SD, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Dorward IG, Neuman BJ, O’Neill KR, Baldus C, Koester L, Ahmad A. Minimum 5-year comparison of different age groups who underwent primary long instrumented fusions to the sacrum for adult spinal deformity. Paper #53 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  538. Cho SK, Egorova NN, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi J, Kim YJ. Comparative analysis of osteotomies during pediatric and adult spinal fusions: a retrospective review of >6,000 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality database. Paper #79 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  539. Raynor BL, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Buchowski JM, Luhmann SJ. Failure of intraoperative monitoring to detect postoperative neurologic deficits: a 25-year experience in 12,375 spinal surgeries. Paper #93 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 48th annual meeting, Lyon, France, September 18-21, 2013
  540. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, McCoy KE, Holekamp TE, Neuman BJ, O’Neill K, Ray WZ, Sides BA, Koester L. Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents versus young adults: a matched cohort analysis. Paper #70 presented at the North American Spine Society 28th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 9-12, 2013
  541. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi JM, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: a review of 7,570 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society database 2001-2008. Paper #189 presented at the North American Spine Society 28th annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, October 9-12, 2013
  542. O'Neill K, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Hyun S-J, Neuman B, Dorward I, Koester L. Clinical and radiographic outcomes following 3-column osteotomies at a minimum 5-year follow-up. Paper #104 presented at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2014 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 12-14, 2014
  543. Sugrue PA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kelly MP, Luhmann SJ, Sides BA, Bumpass DB, Karikari IO, Gum JL. Halo-gravity traction improves thoracic kyphosis correction for those early onset scoliosis patients undergoing growing spine techniques. Paper #179 to be presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) meeting, Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  544. Gum JL, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Zhao J, Bumpass D, Sugrue P, Karikari I, Rahman R, Carreon L. Does planned staging for posterior-only vertebral column resections in spinal deformity surgery increase perioperative complications? Paper #137 to be presented at the 21st International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) meeting, Valencia, Spain July 16-19, 2014
  545. Skovrlj B, Cho S, Caridi J, Al Maaieh M, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim Y. Association between surgeon experience and complication rates in adult scoliosis surgery: a review of 5,117 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Database 2004-2007. Paper #17 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  546. Sugrue PA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kelly MP, Luhmann SJ, Sides BA, Bumpass DB, Karikari IO, Gum JL. The radiographic and clinical impact of preoperative halo-gravity traction in the treatment of early onset spinal deformity. Paper #50 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  547. O’Neill KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Archer KR. Factors associated with improved long-term outcomes following 3-column osteotomies. Paper #58 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  548. Carreon LY, Baldus CR, Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Mesfin A, Ahmad A. Prevalence of cancer in spinal deformity patients receiving high dose bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). Paper #84 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 49th annual meeting, Anchorage, Alaska, September 10-14, 2014
  549. Bridwell K. Current status of RO1 grant on treatment of adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis and current state-of-the-art for adult spinal deformity. Presented at the 69th annual Twentieth Century Orthopaedic Association meeting, Santa Rosa Beach, FL, October 22-26, 2014
  550. Crawford CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Carreon LY. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in SRS-22R appearance, activity and pain domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Paper #36 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  551. Gum JL, Carreon LY, Sugrue PA, Bumpass DB, Karikari IO, Lenke GL, Bridwell KH. SRS appearance domain correlates the most with patient satisfaction after adult deformity surgery to the sacrum at 5 year follow-up. Paper #37 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  552. O’Neill K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Neuman BJ, Kim HJ, Archer K. Factors associated with improved long-term outcomes following three-column osteotomies. Paper #114 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  553. Baldus CR, Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Ahmad A, Mesfin A, Carreon LY. Prevalence of cancer in spinal deformity patients receiving high dose bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). Paper #187 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  554. Gum JL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zhao J, Bumpass DB, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Carreon LY. Does planned staging for posterior-only vertebral column resections in spinal deformity surgery increase perioperative complications? Paper #197 presented at the 29th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-15, 2014
  555. Crawford CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Carreon LY. SRS-22R minimum clinically important difference after adult spinal deformity surgery. Paper #216 presented at the 2015 AAOS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, March 24-28, 2015
  556. Gum JL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zhao J, Bumpass DB, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Carreon LY. Does planned staging for vertebral column resections increase perioperative complications? Paper #224 presented at the 2015 AAOS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, March 24-28, 2015
  557. Gum J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Salehi A, Bumpass DB, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Kelly MP. What is the fate of adult and pediatric spinal deformity reconstruction after prior deep wound infection? Paper #501 presented at the 2015 AAOS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, March 24-28, 2015
  558. Baldus CR, Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Ahmad A, Mesfin A, Carreon LY. Prevalence of cancer in spinal fusion patients receiving high dose bone morphogenetic protein. Paper #503 presented at the 2015 AAOS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, March 24-28, 2015
  559. Hyun S-J, Lenke LG, Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Koester L, Blanke KM. AIS treated by PSSIF caudal to L3: when is fusion to L3 stable? Paper #2094 presented at the 22nd International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST) meeting, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 8-11, 2015
  560. Chapman TM, Zebala LP, Baldus RC, Kelly MP, Kang DG, McClendon J, Metz LN, Shaffrey CI, Schwab FJ, Lenke LG, Buchowski JM, Boachie-Adjei O, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. Baseline patient reported outcomes do not correlate with radiographic parameters: a multi-center, prospective NIH adult spinal deformity study of 286 patients. Paper #129 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 50th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 30-October 3, 2015
  561. Kim Y-C, Lenke LG, Kelly MP, Bridwell KH, You K-H, Wilartratsami S, Koseter L, Blanke KM. Do all adult spinal deformity patients with probable pseudarthrosis at a minimum 5 year follow-up need revision surgery? Paper #89 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 50th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 30-October 3, 2015
  562. Wang X, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Buchowski J, Kim J, Koester L, Blanke K. Does the preoperative SRS mental health domain predict clinical outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery? Paper #94 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 50th annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 30-October 3, 2015
  563. Karikari IO, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kelly MP, Gum JL, Sugrue PA, Bumpass DB. Do adult spinal deformity patients with severe but flexible sagittal malalignment need a three-column osteotomy? Paper #131 presented at the 30th Annual North American Spine Society meeting, Chicago, IL, October 14-17, 2015
  564. Pugely AJ, Bridwell KH, Baldus CR, Zebala LP, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Boachie-Adjei O, Parent S, Lewis SJ, Koski T, Edwards CC, Schwab FJ, Kelly MP. Serious adverse events significantly reduce patient reported outcomes at 2 year follow-up: non-operative multicenter prospective NIH stufy of 105 patients. Paper #1301 presented at the 23rd International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Washington, DC, July 13-16, 2016
  565. Kelly MP, Baldus CR, Zebala LP, Chaffrey CI, Crawford CH, Edwards CC, Glassman SD, Schwab FJ, Koski T, Lewis SJ, Kim HJ, Parent S, Bridwell KH. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis (ASLS): observational arm of dual-arm, prospective NIH study. Paper #41 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 51st annual meeting, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2016. Hibbs Clinical Research award nominee
  566. Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Shaffrey CI, Edwards CC, Lurie JD, Carreon LY. HRQOL scores underestimate the impact of major complications in lumbar degenerative scoliosis surgery. Paper #85 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 51st annual meeting, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2016
  567. Pugely AJ, Bridwell KH, Baldus CR, Zebala LP, Shaffrey CI, Glassman SD, Boachie-Adjei O, Parent S, Lewis SJ, Koski T, Edwards CC, Schwab FJ, Kelly MP. Serious adverse events significantly reduce patient reported outcomes at 2 year follow-up: non-operative multicenter prospective NIH stufy of 105 patients. Paper #87 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 51st annual meeting, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2016
  568. Crawford CH, Carreon L, Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Shaffrey CI, Koski T, Baldus CR, Bridwell KH. Incidence and etiology of unplanned reoperations following index surgery in the adult symptomatic lumbar scoliosis NIH-sponsored clinical trial. Paper #89 presented at the Scoliosis Research Society 51st annual meeting, Prague, Czech Republic, September 21-24, 2016

       Abstracts Published

  1. Bridwell KH, DeWald RL, Prodromas C. Reconstructive spine surgery as palliation for primary and metastatic malignancies. Orthop Trans 1983;7:495
  2. Brown LP, Bridwell KH, Holt RT, Jennings J. Aortic erosions and lacerations associated with the Dunn anterior spinal instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1986;10:16-17
  3. Bridwell KH, Pruitt D, Capelli A, Schoenecker PL. Experience and complications with first 100 Cotrel-Dubousset spinal instrumentations. Orthop Trans 1987;11(2):228
  4. Bridwell KH, Pruitt D, Capelli A, Schoenecker PL. Experience with 100 Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentations. Orthop Trans 1987;11:183
  5. Owen JH, Nielsen CH, Shimon SM, Bridwell KH. A method for eliciting and recording neurogenic motor evoked potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):220
  6. Laschinger JC, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM. Detrimental effects of sodium nitroprusside on spine cord motor tract perfusion during thoracic aortic cross-clamping. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):251
  7. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Laschinger JC, Shimon SM. Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction and ischemia in animals and humans. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):253
  8. Laschinger JC, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM. Total spinal cord monitoring:  A new technique for assessing spinal cord perfusion during thoracic aortic occlusion. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):227
  9. Laschinger JC, Owen JH, Cox J, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM. Direct noninvasive monitoring of spinal cord motor function during thoracic aortic occlusion: Use of motor evoked potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):219
  10. Shimon SM, Bridwell KH, Owen JH, Oakley M, Schoenecker PL.  Influence of surgical and presurgical variables on somatosensory evoked potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 1987;4(3):278
  11. Owen JH, Laschinger JD, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Nielsen CH, Dunlap J. Sensitivity and specificity of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in animals and humans. Orthop Trans 1988;12:225
  12. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Pruitt D, Schoenecker PL, Capelli A. Decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis curves. Orthop Trans 1988;12:719
  13. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Manske PR. The sensitivity and specificity of neurogenic-motor evoked and somatosensory evoked potentials to spinal cord ischemia, compression, and distraction in animals and humans.  Orthop Trans 1988;12:358-59
  14. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Nielsen CH. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and neurogenic-motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Orthop Trans 1988;12:262-263
  15. Owen JH, Shimon S, Bridwell KH, Laschinger JC. Sensitivity and specificity of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials to spinal cord compression, distraction, ischemia in animals and humans. Orthop Trans 1988;12:747-748
  16. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Nielsen CH. Sensitivity and specificity of neurogenic-motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Orthop Trans 1989;13:34
  17. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL. Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1989;13:79
  18. Owen JH, Jenny AB, Bridwell KH.  Effects of spinal cord lesioning on somatosensory and neurogenic motor evoked potentials in animals and humans. Orthop Trans 1989;13:83
  19. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH.  Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Orthop Trans 1989;13:106
  20. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Shimon SM, Barnkow DS. Clinical and methodological experience with neurogenic evoked potentials. Orthop Trans 1989;13:121
  21. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Huss G, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL. Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1989; 13:616
  22. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Oakley D. Relationship between duration of spinal cord ischemia and post-operative neurological deficits in animals. Orthop Trans 1990;14:10
  23. Bridwell KH, Betz RR. Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1990;14:19-20
  24. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Shively RA. The presence of antidromic sensory activity in the neurogenic motor evoked potential. Orthop Trans 1990;14(2):516-517
  25. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Shively RA. Effects of spinal cord lesioning on evoked potentials as a function of animal species. Orthop Trans 1990;14:391
  26. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Effects of distraction on physiological integrity of the spinal cord, spinal cord blood flow, and clinical status. Orthop Trans 1990;14:391-392
  27. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Effects of distraction on physiological integrity of the spinal cord, spinal cord blood flow, and clinical status. Japanese Journal of Spinal Surgery 1990;1:85
  28. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Shively RA. The presence of antidromic sensory activity in the neurogenic motor evoked potential. Orthop Trans 1990;14:516-517
  29. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Capelli AM, Huss G, Harvey C. Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1990;14:559
  30. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley D, Fuhnoha BS. Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root. Orthop Trans 1990;14:724
  31. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH. Relationship between duration of lost evoked potentials and clinical status in animals. Orthop Trans 1990;14:733-734
  32. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Naito M, Shimon S. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity, and clinical status in animals. Orthop Trans 1990;14:734
  33. Bridwell KH, Capelli AM, Franken C, Betz RR, Harvey C.  Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1990;14:741-742
  34. Neuwirth MG, Bridwell KH, Capelli A. Coronal and sagittal balance and correction of compensation coronal and sagittal curves after anterior VDS instrumentation for idiopathic lumbar/thoracolumbar scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1990;14:756
  35. Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Naito M, Shimon SM. Relationship among level of distraction, evoked potentials, spinal cord ischemia and integrity and clinical status in animals. Orthop Trans 1990;14:795-796
  36. Owen JH, Naito M, Bridwell KH, Barnkow DS. Relationship between duration of over distraction and clinical status in animals. Orthop Trans 1990;14:796
  37. Naito M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH, Oakley DM. Effects of traction on the spinal cord. J Japan Spine Res Soc 1990;1:85
  38. Naito M, Sugioka Y, Kurose S, Oyama M, Owen JH, Bridwell KH.  Blood flow direction in the lumbar nerve root and its clinical relevance. Japanese Journal of Spinal Surgery 1991;2:6
  39. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL. Results of in-situ fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):142
  40. Sedgewick T, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with associated spinal stenosis:  The need for transverse process fusion with and without fixation coupled with decompression.  Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):142-143
  41. Konrad PE, Owen JH, Bridwell KH. Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: Significance of coil position and presence of bone. Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):147
  42. Owen JH, Padberg AM, O’Melia RM, Ueta T, Bridwell KH, Linn EJ. A comparison of myogenic and neurogenic motor evoked potentials elicited from humans during surgery for spinal deformity. Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):148
  43. Siegel MJ, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, et al. A critical analysis comparing Zielke instrumentation alone, Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation alone, and a combination of the two for the treatment of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):153
  44. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Preventing decompensation in King type II and III curves treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI): 24 to 64 month follow‑up. Orthop Trans 1992;16(1):158
  45. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL. Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Minimum 2 year follow-up. Orthop Trans 1992-1993;16(3):694
  46. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH.  Results of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS):  Minimum 2 year follow-up. Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17:48
  47. Owen J, Bridwell K, Padberg A, et al. Clinical experience with neurogenic-motor evoked potentials in humans. Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17:55
  48. Owen JH, O’Meilia RM, Kai Y, Bridwell KH, et al. Electrophysiological mapping of segmental anatomy of dermatomes in the upper and lower extremities following nerve root lesioning in monkeys. Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17(1):56
  49. Sedgewick TA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Surgical treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with associated spinal stenosis: The need for transverse process fusion with and without fixation coupled with decompression.  Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17(1):59
  50. Marushack M, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Lumbar hemivertebra resection in children. An analysis of the technique.  Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17(1):128
  51. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K, Schoenecker PL. Ability of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) to preserve distal lumbar motion segments in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Orthop Trans 1993-1994;17(4):981
  52. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg AM. Evoked potential monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery.  J American Paraplegia Society 1994;17(2):75
  53. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: an immuno-histochemical investigation. J American Paraplegia Society 1194;17(2):104
  54. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in “large” adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves (70° to 140°):  Is it warranted?  Orthop Trans 1994;18(1):85
  55. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg A. SSEP monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spine deformity surgery:  A prospective study. Orthop Trans 1994;18(1):99
  56. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. The use of fresh frozen allograft for posterior spinal fusions in neuromuscular scoliosis:  Does it work? Orthop Trans 1994;18(1):114
  57. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1994;18(1):119
  58. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Jaffe AS. Effects of spinal surgery on creatine kinase MB levels: Possible confusion with diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction. Orthop Trans 18(1):270-271
  59. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: An immuno-histochemical investigation. Orthop Trans 1994;18(3):691
  60. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K. Posterior spinal fusion supplemented with only allograft bone in paralytic scoliosis: Does it work ? Orthop Trans 1994;18(3):812
  61. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves greater than or equal to 70 degrees. Orthop Trans 1994-1995;18(4):1100
  62. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Fresh frozen allograft for posterior spinal fusions in neuromuscular scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1994-1995;18(4):1099-1100
  63. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Recognition and treatment of the proximal thoracic curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Orthop Trans 1994-1995;18(4):1104
  64. O’Brien M, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Stokes M, Padberg AM. SSEP monitoring of upper extremity function during thoracic and lumbar spinal deformity surgery. A prospective study. Orthop Trans 1994-1995;18(4):1107-1108
  65. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Preoperative spinal canal investigation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with curves greater than or equal to 70º. Orthop Trans 1994-1995;18(4):1100-1101
  66. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function and chest cage dimension changes following thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(2):346-347
  67. Gelb DE, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, McEnery KW. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment in 100 asymptomatic middle and older aged volunteers (age 39 to 82):  What is normal?  Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):585-586
  68. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Anterior fresh frozen structural allografts in the thoracic and lumbar spine:  Do they work if combined with posterior fusion and instrumentation in adult deformity patients? Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):586-587
  69. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Blanke K. Prospective analysis of nutritional status normalization following spinal surgery:  Risk factors for delayed return to baseline. Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):592
  70. Lenke LG, Padberg AM, Russo MH, Bridwell KH, Gelb DE. Triggered EMG stimulation threshold for accuracy of pedicle screw placement:  An animal model and clinical correlation. Orthop Trans 1995-1996; 19(3):604
  71. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Assignment of risk factors for transition syndrome:  An analysis of patients who have broken down above or below a solid fusion. Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):615
  72. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke K. Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient.  Assessing the risk for crankshaft. Is an open triradiate cartilage the answer?  Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):615
  73. Padberg AM, Komanetsky RM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH, Chapman MP, Hamill CL. Neurogenic motor evoked potentials:  A prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):627
  74. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Weston J. Radiographic and clinical assessment of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (CDI) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): 5 to 10 year follow-up. Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):631
  75. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke K, Baldus C. The use of pedicle screw fixation to improve correction in the lumbar spine of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Is it warranted?  Orthop Trans 1995-1996;19(3):643
  76. O’Brien MF, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Joyce ME. Astrocyte response to spinal cord injury: An immuno-histochemical investigation. North American Spine Society, October 19-22, 1994. Orthop Trans (in press)
  77. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Analysis of pulmonary function following thoracoplasty in idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society, October 19-22, 1994.  Orthop Trans (in press)
  78. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Validity of spinal cord monitoring in neuromuscular spinal deformity surgery.  North American Spine Society, October 19-22, 1994. Orthop Trans (in press)
  79. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Anterior structural thoracic/lumbar allografts: Do they work combined with PSF/PSSI? North American Spine Society, October 19-22, 1994. Orthop Trans (in press)
  80. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K. Risk factors for transition syndromes above or below solid fusions.  North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  81. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Can we lordose the spine with Zielke instrumentation anteriorly? North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  82. Hamill CL, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Chapman MP, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Posterior arthrodesis in the skeletally immature patient. Assessing crankshaft risk. North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  83. Hamill CL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Blanke K, Baldus C.  Lumbar pedicle screws to improve correction in idiopathic scoliosis patients. North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  84. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C, Weston J.  5-10 year follow-up of CD instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society, Washington, DC, October 18-21, 1995
  85. Chapman MP, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Hamill CL, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Assignment of risk factors for transition syndrome:  An analysis of patients who have broken down above or below a solid fusion. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, Georgia, February 22-27, 1996. Orthop Trans 1996;20(1):15-16
  86. Komanetsky RM, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Russo MH.  Neurogenic motor evoked potentials.  A prospective comparison of stimulation methods in spinal deformity surgery. Paraplegia 1996;19(2):133
  87. Lou J, Lenke LG, Xu F, Bridwell KH.  In-vivo bcl-2 oncogene neuronal expression in the rat spinal cord. Orthop Trans 1996;20(2):445
  88. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: Is a screening MRI necessary?  Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  89. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Marsicano J. Evaluation of neurogenic claudication and functional outcome of treatment using the treadmill-bicycle test. Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996 
  90. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL. Classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method -- Is it reliable?  Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  91. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney J, Bridwell KH. Comparison of standing sagittal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents versus adults. Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  92. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients -- Incidence and etiology at one institution. Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996
  93. Marsicano J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Gupta P, Weston J. The lordosing effect of the OSI (Jackson) frame on thoracic and thoracolumbar as well as lumbar sagittal alignment in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, September 25-28, 1996 
  94. Padberg AM, Russo MH, Kunsemiller J, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG. Is intraoperative dermatomal somatosensory monitoring during spinal surgery useful?  North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  95. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K. Is MRI necessary in infantile and juvenile patients with scoliosis?  North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  96. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Chapman MP, Marsicano J. Evaluation/functional outcome of neurogenic claudication using treadmill-bicycle testing. North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996 
  97. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL.  Reliability of classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method. North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  98. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Keeney J, Bridwell KH. Comparison of standing sagittal alignment in asymptomatic adolescents versus adults.  North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996 
  99. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients.  North American Spine Society, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October 23-26, 1996
  100. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Harms J, King HA, Lowe T, Shufflebarger HL.  Classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method - Is it reliable?  Orthop Trans 1997;21(1):24
  101. Gupta P, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K. Incidence of neural axis abnormalities in infantile and juvenile patients with spinal deformity: is a screening MRI necessary? Orthop Trans 1997;21(1): 24-25
  102. Brown CA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Hasan SA, Blanke K.  Pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws: Short and long term complications. Orthop Trans 1997;21(1):75
  103. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients -- Incidence and etiology at one institution. Orthop Trans 1997;21(1):109
  104. Gupta P, Tenhula J, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Chapman M, Marsicano J.  Evaluation/functional outcome of neurogenic claudication using treadmill-bicycle testing. Orthop Trans 1997;21(1):178
  105. Gupta P, Bridwell K, Lenke LG, Marsicano J, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Evaluation and treatment of flatback deformity.  Orthop Trans 1997;21(1):268-269
  106. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients – Incidence and etiology at one institution. Orthop Trans 21(3):1125, 1997-1998.
  107. Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K.  Major intraoperative neurologic deficits in pediatric and adult spinal deformity patients – incidence and etiology at one institution. Orthop Trans 1997-1998;21(4):1098-1099
  108. Lenke LG, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements D, Lowe T.  A new and reliable 3-dimensional classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  Paper #4, Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997. Orthop Trans 1998;22(2):608
  109. Vedantam R, Lenke LG, Haas J, Linville D, Bridwell KH.  A prospective evaluation of pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliotics relative to surgical approach for spinal fusion.  Paper #8, Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997. Orthop Trans 1998;22(2):610
  110. Padberg AM, Wilson-Holden TJ, Lenke LG, Russo MH, Bridwell KH. Somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring without a wake-up test during idiopathic scoliosis surgery: An accepted standard of care?  Paper #13, Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997. Orthop Trans 1998;22(2):611
  111. Linville D, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Vedantam R, Leicht P. Complications in the adult spinal deformity patient having combined surgery: Does “revision” increase the risk?  Paper #18, Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997. Orthop Trans 1998;22(2):613
  112. Bridwell KH, Baldus C, Lenke LG, Blanke K. Patient/parent satisfaction with surgical treatment of flaccid neuromuscular spinal deformities. Orthop Trans 1999;22(2):632
  113. Lenke LG, Brown C, Bridwell KH, Blanke K, Baldus C. Pediatric thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle screws: short and long term complications.  Scoliosis Research Society, St. Louis, MO, September 25-27, 1997. Orthop Trans 1998;22(2):649
  114. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Bridwell KH. Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective fusion in idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society, New York, NY, October 22-25, 1997
  115. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Larson BJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  116. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG. Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998.  (Russell Hibbs Award nominee)
  117. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C.  Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  118. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD.  Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis:  A comparison of 3 surgical approaches. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998. (Russell Hibbs Award nominee)
  119. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998. (Russell Hibbs Award nominee)
  120. Sweet FA, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Blanke K. Maintaining lumbar lordosis with anterior convex compressive spinal instrumentation. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  121. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Booth KC, Lenke LG. MR versus CT-myelography: surgical decision making for lumbar stenosis. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  122. Lenke LG, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell K.  Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  123. Eck KR, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Lashgari C, Riew KD. Radiographic fusion evaluation of anterior titanium mesh (Harms) cages. Scoliosis Research Society, New York, NY, September 16-19, 1998
  124. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Booth KC, Lenke LG.  MR versus CT-myelography: Surgical decision making for lumbar stenosis. North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  125. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG. Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. North American Spine Society annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  126. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. North American Spine Society, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  127. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Larson BJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS. Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology.  North American Spine Society, San Francisco, CA, October 28-31, 1998
  128. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Lauryssen C, Lofgren S/  Surgical planning for cervical spondylotic disease: Are MR and myelo-CT both necessary? Cervical Spine Research Society, Atlanta, GA, December 3-5, 1998
  129. Wilson-Holden TJ, Padberg AM, Larson BJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS.  Efficacy of intraoperative monitoring for patients with spinal cord pathology. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  130. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Eisenberg BA, Baldus C, Lenke LG. Minimum 5 year results of degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and instrumented posterior fusion. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  131. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Klepps SJ, Baldus C. Minimum 5 year follow-up of anterior column structural allografts in the thoracic/lumbar spine. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  132. Molinari RW, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD. Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis:  A comparison of 3 surgical approaches. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  133. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance).  American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  134. Lenke L, Betz R, Harms J, Bridwell K.  Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  135. Hilibrand AS, Riew KD, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH. Variability in surgical decision-making for lumbar stenosis. Paper #43 presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, CA, February 4-8, 1999
  136. Bridwell KH. Posttraumatic kyphosis: Anterior and combined techniques.  Presented at Specialty Day, Federation of Spine Associations - Scoliosis Research Society Section I, Anaheim, CA, February 7, 1999
  137. Bridwell KH, Molinari RW, Lenke LG, Ungacta F, Riew KD.  Complications with surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis:  A comparison of 3 surgical approaches.  Paper #20 The American Orthopaedic Association, Sun Valley, ID, June 5-8, 1999
  138. Wilson-Holden TJ, Bassett GS, Parkinson JD, Padberg AM, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH/ A prospective comparison of neurogenic mixed evoked potential stimulation methods: Utility of epidural elicitation during posterior spinal surgery.  Paper #11 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  139. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J.  Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: A prospective preoperative analysis. Paper #2 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  140. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Complications and results (minimum 2-year follow-up) of long adult deformity fusions to L4, L5 and the sacrum.  Paper #86 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  141. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke K. Analysis of titanium mesh (Harms) cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up. Paper #69 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  142. Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Kong Y: Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anterior thoracic spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #21 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  143. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bassett GS, Bridwell KH, Whorton J.  Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Paper #24 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  144. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Goette K, Lauryssen C. Nerve root injections prevent surgery for lumbar radicular pain. Paper #65 Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, CA, September 22-25, 1999
  145. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Goette K, Lauryssen C.  Can nerve root injections obviate the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain?  A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study.  North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999 (NASS 1999 Outstanding Paper Award)
  146. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell K H, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM.  Complications and results of long adult deformity fusions to L4, L5 and the sacrum.  North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  147. Eck KR, Ungacta FF, Bridwell KH, Riew KD, Lapp MA, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM. Analysis of titanium mesh (Harms) cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up.  North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  148. Hilibrand AS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Riew KD. Variability in surgical decision-making for lumbar spinal stenosis.  North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  149. Klepps S, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bassett GS, Whorton J. Prospective comparison of flexibility radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.  North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  150. Riew KD, Hilibrand A, Wang J, Kang J, Lenke LG, Bridwell K, Sweet F. Plain radiographic assessment of anterior cervical fusion. North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  151. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J.  Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: A prospective preoperative analysis. North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  152. Lapp MA, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus C, Blanke KM, Iffrig TM.  Prospective randomization of parenteral hyperalimentation for long fusions with spinal deformity. North American Spine Society, Chicago, IL, October 20-23, 1999
  153. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke KM, Whorton J.  Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: A prospective preoperative analysis. 20th Century Orthopaedic Association, Kona, Hawaii, October 27-30, 1999
  154. Bridwell K, Edwards II C, Patel A, Rinella A, Della Rocca G, Berra A, Lenke L. Thoracolumbar deformity arthrodesis to L5 in adult scoliotics:  the fate of the L5-S1 disc: is it protected by a deep-seated L5? Spine J 2002;2(5S):122S
  155. Patel A, Bridwell K, Edwards II C, Rinella A, Kim Y, Dell aRocca G, Lenke L.  Long adult fusions to L5 and the sacrum:  a matched cohort analysis. Spine J 2003;2(5S):68S
  156. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K.  Comparative analysis of pedicle screw versus hook instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  a matched cohort analysis. Spine J 2003;2(5S):96-7S
  157. Orchowski J, Bridwell K, Lenke L. Neurological deficit from a purely vascular etiology after anterior thoraco-lumbar fusion of the spine. Spine J 2003;2(5S):106S
  158. Glattes R, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Rinella A, Edwards II C. Proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion: incidence, risk factors and outcomes. Spine J 2003;2(5S):115S
  159. Glassman S, Bridwell K, Horton W, Berven S, Dimar J. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms. Spine J 2003;2(5S):138S
  160. Kim YJ, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cho KJ. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusion. Spine J 2004;4(5S):S27
  161. Kim YJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Sides B.  Prospective pulmonary function comparison of anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis thoracotomy vs thoracoabdominal approach. Spine J 2004;4(5S):S55
  162. Kim YJ, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim J, Cho S. Proximal junctional change in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis following segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion: minimum 5 year follow up. Spine J 2004; 4(5S):S56
  163. Cho KJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Kamiya M, Sides B.  Selection of distal fusion level with reference to the sagittal stable vertebra in posterior instrumentation and fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis. Spine J 2004;4(5S):S63
  164. Kim YJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Sides B. Comparative analysis of pedicle screws versus hybrid instrumentation in posterior spinal fusion of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a match cohort analysis. Spine J 2004;4(5S):S85
  165. KimYJ, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Kim J, Cho S. Thoracolumbar junctional analysis in patients fixed to T12 vs L1 in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  is there any difference?  Spine J 2004;4(5S):S106
  166. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation (STD) following adult lumbar spinal instrumention and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, incidence, and risk factors analysis. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):10
  167. Braun JT, Bridwell KH, Dimar JR, Dobbs MB, Glassman SD, Hedequist DJ, Hresko MT, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, McCarthy RE. Reliability analysis of end, neutral, stable, and lowest instrumented vertebrae selection in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: surgeon versus digital software determination. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):24
  168. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B. Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumentation for the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):46
  169. Angevine PD, Lenke LG, Stobbs G, Bridwell KH. Cost-offset analysis of bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in primary surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):1
  170. Kim YJ, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Rhim S, Cheh G. Sagittal thoracic decompensation (STD) following adult lumbar spinal instrumention and fusion to L5 or S1: causes, incidence, and risk factors analysis. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):10
  171. Bess RS, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cheh G, Sides B. Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumentation for the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Eur Spine J 2005;14(1S):46
  172. Schwab F, Farcy J-P, Bridwell K, Verven S, Glassman S, Horton W, Harrast J. Intervertebral subluxation, lumbar lordosis, but not Cobb angle correlate with surgical rates in adult thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis: a multicenter analysis. Spine J 2005;5(4S):26S
  173. Lee S, Lenke L, Peelle M, Okubadejo G, Cheng I, Hurford Jr. R, Bridwell K, Sides B, Stobbs G.  Preserving the degenerated L5-S1 segment in degenerative lumbar fusion surgery in older patients: is it possible? Spine J 2005;5(4S):84S
  174. Cheh G, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Kim Y. Decompression only vs. decompression and limited fusion for the treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Spine J 2005;5(4S):109S
  175. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cheh G. Bilateral apical vertebral derotational pedicle screw instrumentation in the posterior spinal fusion adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison with translational instrumentation technique.  Spine J 2005;5(4S):109S
  176. Glassman S, Berven S, Kostuik JP, Dimar II J, Horton W, Bridwell K.  Nonsurgical resourse utilization in adult spinal deformity. Spine J 2005;5(4S):115S
  177. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cheh G. Pseudarthrosis in long adult spinal deformity instrumentation and fusions to the sacrum:  incidence and risk factor analysis of 149 cases. Spine J 2005;5(4S):160S
  178. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cheh G, Rhim S. An analysis of sagittal spinal alignment after adult lumbar/ lumbosacral instrumentation and fusions: can we predict optimal sagittal balance?  Spine J 2005;5(4S):160-1S
  179. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cheh G, Rhim S. Sagittal thoracic decompensation following adult lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusions to L5 or S1 causes incidence and risk factors analysis. Spine J 2005;5(4S):162S
  180. Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K, Cho S, Cheh G, Yoon J, Ramo B. Sagittal plane analysis following posterior segmental spinal instrumentation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison of three different posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion. Spine J 2005;5(4S):163S
  181. Angevine P, Lenke L, Stobbs G, Bridwell K. Cost-offset analysis of bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in primary surgery for adult idiopathic scoliosis:  Is it worth it? Spine J 2006;6(5S):6S
  182. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Rhim S, Kim YW. Thoracic kyphosis progression following long lumbar/ lumbosacral fusions from the thoracolumbar junction to L5-S1. Spine J 2006;6(5S):11S
  183. Kuhns C, Amor C, Buchowski J, Lehman R Jr., Edwards C, Lenke L. Bridwell K. Thoracolumbar fusions stopping at L5: fate of the L5-S1 disc with a minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine J 2006;6(5):12S
  184. Buchowski J, Kuhns C, Lehman Jr. R, Kim Y, Lenke L, Bridwell K. Neurologic complications of pedicle subtraction osteotomy:  A ten-year review. Spine J 2006;6(5S):32S
  185. Cheh G, Lenke L, Kim Y, Lehman R, Daubs M, Nunley R, Bridwell K. 4:51 134. Use of a supine radiograph to accurately predict structural curve in operative adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2006;6(5):67S-68S
  186. Buchowski J, Lehman Jr. R, Kuhns C, Bridwell K, Lenke L. Infections in spinal deformity surgery:  A fifteen-year review. Spine J 2006;6(5S):81S
  187. Cheh G, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Kim Y, Daubs M, Baldus C. Adjacent segment degermation following lumbar/ thoracolumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation: a minimum 5-year follow-up. Spine J 2006;6(5S):81S
  188. Kim Y, Bridwell K, Lenke L, Cheh G. Long-term results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance:  A minimum 5-year follow-up study. Spine J 2006;6(5S):82S
  189. Angevine P, Bridwell K, Hurford Jr. R, Lenke L, Baldus C.  Enhancement and maintenance of lordosis with anterior titanium cages in the distal spine of adult lumbar deformity patients. Spine J 2006;6(5S):133S
  190. Cheh G, Lenke L, Kim YJ, Lehman Jr. R, Buchowski J, Kuhns C, Bridwell K. The reliability of preoperative supine radiographs to predict the amount of curve flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2006; 6(5S):141
  191. Lee CC, Okubadejo GO, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Nielsen C. Aprotinin use in adult spinal deformity: effects on blood conservation and associated complications. Anesthesiology 2007;107:A1953
  192. Lehman RA Jr., Lenke L, Richards BS, Kukle T, Bridwell K. Change in time of radiographic and balance parameters for the operative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: posterior pedicle screw only vs. hybrid constructs. Spine J 2008;8(5):28S-29S
  193. Lehman RA Jr., Lenke L, Richards BS, Bridwell K. 207. Hybrid constructs lose correction/balance over time while pedicle screws do not in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery. Spine J 2009;9(10):109S
  194. Lehman RA Jr., Lenke L, Kukle T, Richards BS, Bridwell K. P127. Comparative analysis between Lenke type 1A-, B-, and C-curve patterns: pedicle screw vs. hybrid constructs: which maintains correction better? Spine J 2008;8(5):162S-163S
  195. Dorward IG, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, McCoy KE, Holekamp TE, Neuman BJ, O’Neill K, Ray WZ, Sides BA, Koester L. Surgery for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents versus young adults: a matched cohort analysis. Spine J 2013;13(9S):35S
  196. Cho SK, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi JM, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical treatment of adult scoliosis: a review of 7,570 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society database 2001-2008. Spine J 2013;13(9S):96S
  197. Cho SK, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ. Recent trends in surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of 17,412 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society database 2001-2008. Spine J 2013; 13(9S):122S
  198. Cho SK, Egorova NN, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Caridi JM, Kim YJ. Comparative analysis of osteotomies during adult sinal fusions: a retrospective review of 3,990 cases from the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality database. Spine J 2013;13(9S):122S
  199. Crawford CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH, Berven SH, Carreon LY. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in SRS-22R appearance, activity and pain domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine J 2014;14(11):S19
  200. Gum JL, Carreon LY, Sugrue PA, Bumpass DB, Karikari IO, Lenke GL, Bridwell KH. SRS appearance domain correlates the most with patient satisfaction after adult deformity surgery to the sacrum at 5 year follow-up. Spine J 2014;14(11):S19
  201. O’Neill K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Neuman BJ, Kim HJ, Archer K. Factors associated with improved long-term outcomes following three-column osteotomies. Spine J 2014;14(11):S56
  202. Baldus CR, Gum JL, Bridwell KH, Ahmad A, Mesfin A, Carreon LY. Prevalence of cancer in spinal deformity patients receiving high dose bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). Spine J 2014;14(11):S93
  203. Gum JL, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zhao J, Bumpass DB, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Carreon LY. Does planned staging for posterior-only vertebral column resections in spinal deformity surgery increase perioperative complications? Spine J 2014;14(11):S97-98
  204. Bumpass DB, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Zebala LP, Dorward IG, Sugrue PA, Karikari IO, Gum JL, Koester L. Do adult males have greater perioperative morbidity, more complications and inferior outcomes than females following spinal deformity surgery? Spine J 2014;14(11):S169-170
  205. Karikari IO, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Sugrue P, Bumpass DB, Gum J. Comparison of severe sagittal malalignment treated with and without a three-column osteotomy. Spine J 2014;14(11):S174
  206. Karikari IO, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kelly MP, Gum JL, Sugrue PA, Bumpass DB. Do adult spinal deformity patients with severe but flexible sagittal malalignment need a three-column osteotomy? Spine J 2015;15(10S): 149S
  207. Carreon LY, Crawford III CH, Glassman SD, Bridwell KH. The substantial clinical benefit threshold for SRS-22R domains after surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity. Spine J 2015;15(10S):212S.

Articles Written by Keith Bridwell, MD

Scheuermann's Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease): Abnormal Curvature of the Spine

A normal, healthy spine should have curves in it. When you look at it from the side, you should see these curves. However, too much curvature in the thoracic spine (mid-back) can be problematic. That’s a condition called kyphosis.

Nerve Structures of the Spine

Learn more about your spinal nerves and your body's nervous systems. Article explains spinal nerve and spinal cord basics and includes illustrations of spinal anatomy.

Intervertebral Discs

The intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous cushions serving as the spine's shock absorbing system, which protect the vertebrae, brain, and other structures.

Vertebral Column

Get an expert-written spinal anatomy lesson on the vertebral column (your spine) by reading this article.

Ligaments

Read this article to get a basic anatomy lesson about ligaments, which are fibrous bands or sheets of connective tissue linking 2 or more structures together.

Facet Joints of the Spine's Anatomy

A joint is where 2 or more bones are joined. Joints allow motion (articulation). The joints in the spine are commonly called facet joints, and you can learn about the anatomy of spinal joints in this article.

Scheuermann's Kyphosis: Non-Operative and Surgical Treatment

Treatment for Scheuermann's kyphosis depends on the patient's age, severity of the curve, and the presence of neurological problems.

Spinal Muscles: A Comprehensive Guide

Muscles are named according to their shape, location, or a combination. They are further categorized according function such as flexion, extension, or rotation.

Anatomical Planes of the Body

Medical professionals often refer to sections of the body in terms of anatomical planes (flat surfaces). These planes are imaginary lines ? vertical or horizontal ? drawn through an upright body.

Estructuras nerviosas de la columna

Los nervios controlan las funciones del cuerpo, incluyendo los órganos vitales, las sensaciones y el movimiento.

Decisions and Expectations with Osteotomy Surgery for Fixed Sagittal Imbalance Syndromes: Smith-Petersen vs Pedicle Subtraction

Decisions and Expectations with Osteotomy Surgery for Fixed Sagittal Imbalance Syndromes

Spinal Curves

Spinal curves are either kyphotic or lordotic. In a normal spine there are four types of spinal curvatures important to balance, flexibility, and stress absorption and distribution.

Spinal Blood Supply

The function of the vascular system is to nourish each cell in the body.

Spinal Curvature Problems: Fixed Sagittal Imbalance

Fixed sagittal imbalance simply means that the spine is curved in a way that prevents someone from standing up straight. An educational article that includes before and after surgery x-rays and photos so that you can see the difference in posture.

Idiopathic Scoliosis: Options of Fixation and Fusion of Thoracic Curves

A leading spinal deformity surgeon reviews current options for treating thoracic scoliosis. Includes images so you can see what the curves and spinal instrumentation look like.

Case Studies Presented by Keith Bridwell, MD

Leg Pain and Sagittal Imbalance

Presented by: K. Bridwell MD
The patient has subluxations at L3-L4, fixed tilt at L4-L5, and disc degeneration at all lumbar levels. Spinal stenosis is noted at many lumbar levels.

Progressive Lumbar Deformity in a 57-year-old Female

Presented by: K. Bridwell MD

The patient was referred by a spine surgeon for a definitive reconstructive procedure to treat her progressive lumbar deformity.

Progressive Lumbar / Thoracolumbar Idiopathic Scoliosis

Presented by: K. Bridwell MD

The patient is a 13-year-old girl with progressive lumbar / thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis who failed bracing.

Articles Reviewed by Keith Bridwell, MD

Before Your Surgery

Before your operation, it will be necessary to have blood tests, a chest x-ray and an EKG performed to evaluate your general condition before undergoing anesthesia.

Preparing for Spine Surgery

You are going to have spinal surgery (a spinal fusion). This article provides a walk-through of typical post-operative expectations and procedures.

Multi Axial Screws Help Make Instrumentation Surgery Easier

Specially designed screws facilitate lining up the rods with the pedicle screws. Easier placement means less time spent in surgery for the patient, more successful outcomes, and less recovery time.

Financial Disclosures

SpineUniverse, a Remedy Health Media, LLC website, is committed to ensuring that the medical information it presents is accurate, balanced, objective, and trustworthy.

To help achieve this goal, SpineUniverse requires all authors, editors, and reviewers to disclose any financial relationships or affiliations they have with companies whose products or services may be mentioned in the content they author, edit, or review.

The intent of this policy is to identify any perceived, potential, or real conflicts of interest so that readers can make their own judgments about the value of information being presented.

This author has not yet submitted a Financial and Other Disclosures form.
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